Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV

Metro Area Profile

6,318,377 residents. Jobs, income, development, climate and physical risk across the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV metropolitan area.

68out of 100
Area Score
Top 16% of 834 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 11 sources
OpportunityTop 38% of 835 metro and micro areas measured57
SchoolsTop 48% of 695 metro and micro areas measured53
GrowthTop 38% of 834 metro and micro areas measured57
Housing affordability607th of 835 metro and micro areas measured68
ClimateTop 22% of 835 metro and micro areas measured74
Physical resilienceTop 14% of 835 metro and micro areas measured80
AccessTop 13% of 835 metro and micro areas measured97
Economic stabilityTop 2% of 835 metro and micro areas measured94
The quick read

Unemployment is 4.0% and median household income $126,684, putting employment conditions in the middle range of metro and micro areas measured.

In the public schools here, 61% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 14.0 students for every teacher.

Rent takes 29% of renter income here, below the 30% threshold conventionally called cost-burdened, and the median home is 3.6 times what its owners earn.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
6,318,377
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$126,684
Top 1% nationally
Density
1,047/sq mi
6,033.7 sq mi of land
Median age
38.0
2024 ACS 5-Year
Area type
Metropolitan area
the District of Columbia, Virginia, Maryland and West Virginia
Nearest major airport
IAD
8 mi · Washington Dulles Intl
Median home value
$579,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.0%, lower than in 56% of the 835 measured US metro and micro areas.

Employment fell 2.6% over the past year, to 3,336,115 employed residents.

54% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 99% of measured US metro and micro areas.

Median household income of $126,684 is higher than in 99% of measured US metro and micro areas.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$7332024 ACS 5-Year$126,684Top 1%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$3062024 ACS 5-Year$63,554Top 1%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate ±0.2%2024 ACS 5-Year7.7%Top 4%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±0.1 min2024 ACS 5-Year35.1 minBottom 1%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±0.3%2024 ACS 5-Year54.4%Top 1%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±0.3%2024 ACS 5-Year54.7%1st percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentJuly 20263,336,115Top 1%of 835July 2026
Employment change (3 years)July 2026−3.8%Bottom 13%of 835July 2026
Employment change (year over year)July 2026−2.6%Bottom 15%of 835July 2026
Labor forceJuly 20263,473,85699th percentileof 835July 2026
Labor force participation ±0.1%2024 ACS 5-Year85.5%Top 3%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage2025 OEWS$91,930Top 1%of 3922025 OEWS
Median annual wage2025 OEWS$71,060Top 1%of 3922025 OEWS
Metro employment2025 OEWS3,136,19099th percentileof 3922025 OEWS
Public transit to work ±0.1%2024 ACS 5-Year7.0%99th percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026−0.1%Bottom 40%of 835July 2026
Unemployment rateJuly 20264.0%Top 44%of 835July 2026
Worked from home ±0.2%2024 ACS 5-Year25.4%99th percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year

Unemployment rate

2021/072022/072023/072024/072025/072026/075.02.0
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.0% in July 2026. It has been falling, over a series running from 2020-01 to 2026-07. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.

Largest occupations — Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV

OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
General and Operations Managers112,530$156,460
Business Operations Specialists, All Other76,600$104,770
Software Developers69,060$154,930
Retail Salespersons66,920$36,610
Management Analysts62,360$126,830
Fast Food and Counter Workers60,560$34,600

Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

61% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 64% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 14.0 students for every full-time teacher across 1,324 public schools, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
1,407
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
14.0
across 1,324 of them
Math proficiency
61.4%
Top 39% in the District of Columbia
Reading proficiency
64.4%
Bottom 36% in the District of Columbia
The 12 largest of 1,407 public schools, by enrollment.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Alexandria City HighAlexandria City Public Schools4,65515.364%77%
Lake Braddock SecondaryFairfax County Public Schools4,41122.392%91%
Robinson SecondaryFairfax County Public Schools3,71021.792%91%
Montgomery Blair HighMontgomery County Public Schools3,26616.558%65%
Hayfield SecondaryFairfax County Public Schools3,25616.382%80%
Washington-Liberty HighArlington County Public Schools3,04418.287%86%
Walter Johnson HighMontgomery County Public Schools3,01618.278%87%
High Point HighPrince George's County Public Schools3,01217.614%41%
Charles J. Colgan Sr. HighPrince William County Public Schools2,95617.485%94%
Chantilly HighFairfax County Public Schools2,93712.995%94%
Woodbridge HighPrince William County Public Schools2,89818.184%86%
West Springfield HighFairfax County Public Schools2,79913.796%95%

47.8% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against each state’s own standard, so it is ranked within state — here, within the District of Columbia, the first state in this area’s name. How to read school figures.

Prices for everything a household buys run about 10% above the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 109.5, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $5,251 a year in real estate taxes, about 0.91% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $2,246, some 11% above the $2,027 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $2,246 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $89,800 a year, about 71% of the median household income here of $126,684.

The typical renter household here spends 29% of its income on rent, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $2,027 a month.

A median home at $579,900 costs 3.6 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $161,860, above the historic benchmark of about 3 times income.

Cost of living
109.5

Prices here run about 10% above the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Price level for all consumption in this metropolitan area against a national average of 100. Housing dominates the spread between places; goods vary far less.

Rent as a share of income
29.1%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.6×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$2,246
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$2,027
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$579,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Washington-Arlington-Alexandria’s median household income of $126,684, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living index2023109.5Bottom 4%of 3862023
Home price to income ±0.02024 ACS 5-Year3.6Bottom 21%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±0.3%2024 ACS 5-Year63.7%18th percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±4292024 ACS 5-Year2,506,63199th percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$2,015Bottom 2%of 818FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$2,835Bottom 3%of 818FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$2,246Bottom 3%of 818FY2026
Median gross rent ±$112024 ACS 5-Year$2,027Bottom 1%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$2,3742024 ACS 5-Year$579,90096th percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$312024 ACS 5-Year$5,25196th percentileof 9332024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$8972024 ACS 5-Year$161,860Top 1%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.01%2024 ACS 5-Year0.91%58th percentileof 9322024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±0.3%2024 ACS 5-Year29.1%Bottom 47%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±1,0382024 ACS 5-Year14,46695th percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year0.6%12th percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year4.8%14th percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±4,2132024 ACS 5-Year133,60999th percentileof 9352024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.

Development Momentum

57/ 100
Top 38% of 834 published metro profiles
The most recent move in permitting was downward, in a series running from 2024 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 3% since 2020, reaching 6,436,489 in 2024.

At 3.5 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US metro and micro areas.

Units permitted
22K
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
3.5
Top 37% nationally
Year over year
+15%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
54.7%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

202020212022202320246436k6259k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been rising for the last 3 years, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 88°F and January a low of 25°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 43.2 inches, including 21.0 inches of snow.

10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station WASHINGTON DC DULLES AP, 7.9 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND4.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals43.2"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall1991-2020 Normals21.0"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals25°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals88°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals71991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals43°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

80 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, heat wave and earthquake, with inland flooding alone responsible for 58% of it. Every one of these is independently rated low or minimal nationally — this describes how a small risk is composed, not a large one.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 86% of measured US metro and micro areas.

HurricaneModerate
LandslideModerate
Cold waveModerate
DroughtModerate

Low or minimal exposure: heat wave, winter weather, lightning, strong wind, inland flooding, earthquake, hail, tornado, ice storm, coastal flooding, wildfire, avalanche, tsunami, volcanic activity.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. This value is the population-weighted mean of all component counties; expected annual loss is their sum. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Death-certificate rates
The CDC publishes these rates by county, so a metropolitan area carries none of its own. The county profiles inside it do.
Air quality
The EPA publishes an air-quality index by county, and only where a monitor sits, so a metropolitan area carries none of its own. The county profiles inside it show it where one exists.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Washington Dulles Intl at 8 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±0.2%2024 ACS 5-Year94.7%Top 1%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle8 miTop 10%of 835NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle3Bottom 35%of 835NASR current cycle
No internet access ±0.1%2024 ACS 5-Year3.5%Top 3%of 9352024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Washington Dulles IntlIAD8 mi11,500 ft
Baltimore/Washington Intl Thurgood MarshallBWI50 mi10,503 ft
Richmond IntlRIC92 mi9,003 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
68
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
HousingU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWS
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

Cities in this metro

Washington
681,294 residents
Arlington
236,254 residents
Alexandria
156,976 residents
Germantown
90,719 residents
Frederick
83,395 residents
Waldorf
82,943 residents
Silver Spring
81,462 residents
Centreville
71,706 residents
Dale City
71,016 residents
Gaithersburg
69,825 residents
Bethesda
69,397 residents
Rockville
67,671 residents
Reston
64,414 residents
Bowie
57,926 residents
Aspen Hill
53,279 residents
Wheaton
52,926 residents
North Bethesda
49,677 residents
McLean
49,627 residents
Leesburg
49,171 residents
Lake Ridge
46,049 residents
Ashburn
46,026 residents
Potomac
45,902 residents
Burke
44,029 residents
Woodbridge
43,945 residents
Manassas
42,976 residents
Linton Hall
41,876 residents
Annandale
41,705 residents
Clinton
38,376 residents
Oakton
36,528 residents
Olney
35,797 residents
Fair Oaks
35,545 residents
Chillum
34,871 residents
College Park
34,540 residents
South Riding
34,352 residents
Montgomery Village
34,110 residents
Sterling
32,411 residents
West Falls Church
31,279 residents
Springfield
31,154 residents
Clarksburg
30,487 residents
Laurel
29,798 residents
South Laurel
29,272 residents
Tysons
28,936 residents
Fredericksburg
28,873 residents
Ballenger Creek
26,390 residents
Fairland
26,231 residents
Cherry Hill
26,044 residents
Fort Washington
25,134 residents
Fairfax
25,026 residents
Greenbelt
24,678 residents
Herndon
24,672 residents
Brambleton
24,537 residents
Landover
24,514 residents
Bailey's Crossroads
24,271 residents
Chantilly
24,036 residents
North Potomac
23,922 residents
Suitland
23,793 residents
McNair
22,655 residents
Camp Springs
22,544 residents
West Springfield
22,532 residents
Montclair
22,387 residents
Leesylvania
21,632 residents
Buckhall
21,602 residents
Langley Park
21,508 residents
Woodlawn
21,194 residents
Rose Hill
21,066 residents
Lorton
20,991 residents
Hyattsville
20,966 residents
Culpeper
20,794 residents
Merrifield
20,698 residents
Lincolnia
20,320 residents
Beltsville
19,176 residents
Sudley
19,162 residents
Franklin Farm
18,736 residents
Redland
18,665 residents
Kingstowne
18,360 residents
East Riverdale
18,336 residents
Franconia
18,335 residents
Seabrook
18,317 residents
Gainesville
18,196 residents
Oxon Hill
17,893 residents
Damascus
17,640 residents
Takoma Park
17,632 residents
Calverton
17,624 residents
Idylwood
17,559 residents
Adelphi
17,395 residents
White Oak
17,329 residents
Hybla Valley
17,257 residents
Glenmont
17,208 residents
Burke Centre
17,037 residents
Glassmanor
16,981 residents
Bull Run
16,859 residents
Manassas Park
16,798 residents
Fort Hunt
16,700 residents
Cloverly
16,646 residents
Stone Ridge
16,603 residents
Vienna
16,412 residents
Hillcrest Heights
16,063 residents
Wolf Trap
15,858 residents
Bensville
15,848 residents
Front Royal
15,296 residents
Great Falls
15,228 residents
Summerfield
15,065 residents
Falls Church
14,710 residents
Colesville
14,519 residents
Linganore
14,444 residents
Accokeek
14,362 residents
Broadlands
14,353 residents
Lake Arbor
14,335 residents
Urbana
14,260 residents
Kettering
14,014 residents
Groveton
13,931 residents
Flower Hill
13,794 residents
Glenn Dale
13,772 residents
Brock Hall
13,615 residents
Green Valley
13,602 residents
New Carrollton
13,564 residents
Huntington
13,502 residents
Newington
13,478 residents
Kings Park West
13,442 residents
Westphalia
13,228 residents
Mount Vernon
13,122 residents
Kemp Mill
13,042 residents
Rosaryville
12,883 residents
Sugarland Run
12,629 residents
Fairfax Station
12,566 residents
Cascades
12,357 residents
Lansdowne
12,328 residents
Newington Forest
12,316 residents
Largo
12,229 residents
Brandywine
12,160 residents
Wakefield
11,930 residents
New Baltimore
11,919 residents
Dranesville
11,828 residents
Travilah
11,721 residents
Lanham
11,433 residents
Mitchellville
11,359 residents
Friendly
11,119 residents
Lowes Island
11,018 residents
Lake Barcroft
10,973 residents
Walker Mill
10,931 residents
Independent Hill
10,853 residents
La Plata
10,683 residents
Forestville
10,495 residents
Triangle
10,450 residents
Loudoun Valley Estates
10,271 residents
Marlton
10,222 residents
Burtonsville
10,203 residents
Warrenton
10,176 residents