Dane County, WI

County Profile

572,674 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Dane County, WI.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

80out of 100
Area Score
Top 2% of 1,225 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 7% of 1,255 counties measured82
SchoolsTop 24% of 973 counties measured71
GrowthTop 8% of 1,226 counties measured76
Housing affordability906th of 1,255 counties measured83
Climate1077th of 1,254 counties measured57
Physical resilienceTop 1% of 1,255 counties measured97
AccessTop 11% of 1,255 counties measured97
Economic stabilityTop 13% of 1,255 counties measured87
The quick read

Dane County ranks in the top 7% of published profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 3.0% and median household income of $89,975.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 6,278 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 19% on the prior year.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published profiles, placing Dane County in the top 1% for physical resilience.

At a glance

Population
572,674
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$89,975
Top 9% nationally
Density
479/sq mi
1196.5 sq mi of land
Median age
35.7
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Dane County
Wisconsin
Metro area
Madison, WI
Nearest major airport
MSN
6 mi · Dane County Rgnl/Truax Fld
Median home value
$394,800
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.0% is lower than 94% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 0.3% over the past year, to 331,978 employed residents.

55% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 98% of measured US locations.

Household income is higher than at least 91% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$1,284$89,975Top 9%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,051$53,181Top 5%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income$77,841Top 11%of 1,2062023
Poverty rate10.6%Bottom 29%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute22.3 minBottom 27%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher55.3%Top 2%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Employment331,978Top 8%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (3 years)0.6%Top 46%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-0.3%Top 38%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force342,216Top 8%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force participation70.3%Top 3%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)0.2%Top 40%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate3.0%Bottom 6%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/063.51.6
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.0% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202490k78k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $89,975 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Madison, WI
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Registered Nurses10,650$101,190
Fast Food and Counter Workers9,180$29,820
Home Health and Personal Care Aides8,360$37,220
Retail Salespersons8,330$35,830
Cashiers7,960$34,550
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand7,130$44,190

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

40% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 41% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 12.7 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
163
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
12.7
across all schools here
Math proficiency
40.1%
Top 47% in Wisconsin
Reading proficiency
40.9%
Top 16% in Wisconsin
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Middleton HighMiddleton-Cross Plains Area School District2,30315.4
West HighMadison Metropolitan School District2,22216.2
Vel Phillips Memorial High SchoolMadison Metropolitan School District2,00415.8
Verona Area HighVerona Area School District1,82015.2
East HighMadison Metropolitan School District1,64315.5
LaFollette HighMadison Metropolitan School District1,54114.8
Sun Prairie East HighSun Prairie Area School District1,34014.4
Oregon HighOregon School District1,33914.4
Waunakee HighWaunakee Community School District1,33513.0
Sun Prairie West HighSun Prairie Area School District1,32514.6
Kromrey MiddleMiddleton-Cross Plains Area School District1,23012.449%57%
Monona Grove HighMonona Grove School District1,17013.6

30.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Wisconsin’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,398 takes 19% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 4.4 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
18.6%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
4.4×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,398
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$394,800
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income4.39Top 15%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate57.1%Bottom 5%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±191261,061Top 3%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$17$1,398Top 10%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$3,871$394,800Top 9%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income18.6%Top 32%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate3.7%Bottom 1%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
76/ 100
Top 8% of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is increasing — 2 consecutive years, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 5% since 2020, reaching 588,347 in 2024.

Population is still rising, but more slowly than in the preceding year.

76% of recently permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses.

At 11.0 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
6,278
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
11.0
Top 6% nationally
Year over year
+19%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
75.9%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024588k562k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2020202120222023202420257k4k
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2020 (+60%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 82°F and January a low of 12°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 37.1 inches, including 51.8 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 42, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station MADISON DANE RGNL AP, 6.2 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND5.3"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index58.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation37.1"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall51.8"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low12°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high82°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index42.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing52°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
42
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
58
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

97 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are tornado and hail.

HailModerate
TornadoModerate

Low or minimal exposure: cold wave, heat wave, inland flooding, winter weather, strong wind, lightning, landslide, ice storm, earthquake, wildfire, drought, hurricane.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Dane County records 2.3 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 7.8 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 12.0 per 100,000 residents in Dane County.

Homicide
2.3
per 100,000 residents
Firearm deaths, all intents
7.8
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
12.0
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
11.6
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Dane County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Dane County rather than Dane County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Cost of living now is — the index above is the Bureau of Economic Analysis price parity for this area — but it is a price level for all consumption rather than a budget for a household, its spread is driven mostly by housing, and it excludes taxes. Housing affordability is computed separately from rent, price and income, because that answers a narrower and more actionable question. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 6 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Dane County Rgnl/Truax FldMSN6 mi9,006 ft
Wittman RgnlOSH77 mi8,002 ft
Appleton IntlATW94 mi8,003 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
80
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023Annually, each December
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.