Rochester, New Hampshire

Area Profile

33,144 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Rochester, in Strafford County.

67out of 100
Area Score
Top 28% of 2,944 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 11% of 3,904 published cities77
Schools1603rd of 2,668 published cities44
GrowthTop 40% of 2,973 published cities56
Housing affordabilityTop 32% of 4,223 published cities90
Climate3662nd of 4,223 published cities60
Physical resilienceTop 45% of 4,182 published cities63
Access3337th of 4,226 published cities79
Economic stabilityTop 33% of 4,226 published cities68
The quick read

Rochester ranks in the top 11% of published city profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 2.2% and median household income of $80,836.

In the public schools here, 26% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 11.6 students for every teacher.

Residential permitting has slowed: 146 units authorized over the past twelve months, 24% below the prior year.

At a glance

Population
33,144
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$80,836
Top 33% nationally
Density
736/sq mi
45.0 sq mi of land
Median age
43.0
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Strafford County
New Hampshire
Metro area
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH
Nearest major airport
MHT
34 mi · Manchester Boston Rgnl
Median home value
$279,100
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 2.2% is lower than 100% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment held steady over the past year, at 18,837 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$3,248$80,836Top 33%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,244$42,462Top 28%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate8.3%Bottom 39%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute28.0 minTop 43%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher27.1%Top 35%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment18,837Bottom 23%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)1.2%Top 32%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-0.0%Top 31%June 2026
Labor force19,254Bottom 22%June 2026
Labor force participation67.7%Top 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$89,620Top 10%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$66,620Top 10%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.6%Bottom 15%June 2026
Unemployment rate2.2%Bottom 1%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/063.81.7
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 2.2% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202481k71k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $80,836 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Home Health and Personal Care Aides72,420$40,910
General and Operations Managers70,950$133,800
Registered Nurses64,240$106,180
Retail Salespersons64,150$36,850
Fast Food and Counter Workers60,130$36,290
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners43,160$46,550

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

26% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 30% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 11.6 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
10
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
11.6
across all schools here
Math proficiency
26.2%
Bottom 38% in New Hampshire
Reading proficiency
29.5%
Bottom 23% in New Hampshire
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Spaulding High SchoolRochester School District1,29813.2
Rochester Middle SchoolRochester School District80313.417%27%
Chamberlain Street SchoolRochester School District3169.630%25%
McClelland SchoolRochester School District3109.430%21%
East Rochester SchoolRochester School District30010.341%43%
William Allen SchoolRochester School District2809.0
Gonic SchoolRochester School District21110.6
Maple Street Magnet SchoolRochester School District11411.431%50%
Bud Carlson AcademyRochester School District9619.2
School Street SchoolRochester School District507.1

33.9% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against New Hampshire’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,369 takes 20% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.5 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
20.3%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.5×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,369
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$279,100
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.45Top 37%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate66.0%Bottom 30%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±46914,698Top 4%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$72$1,369Top 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$10,241$279,100Top 31%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income20.3%Top 39%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate5.2%Bottom 30%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
56/ 100
Top 40% of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is broadly steady, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 3% since 2020, reaching 33,598 in 2024.

At 4.4 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
146
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
4.4
Top 33% nationally
Year over year
−24%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
41.8%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202434k33k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
20202021202220232024202521971
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2020 (+201%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 82°F and January a low of 15°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 41.2 inches.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station ROCHESTER SKYHAVEN AP, 3.1 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.4"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation41.2"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low15°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high82°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing47°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

63 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, earthquake and hurricane.

Ice stormElevated
EarthquakeElevated
HurricaneModerate
Inland floodingModerate
LightningModerate
DroughtModerate
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: landslide, winter weather, coastal flooding, strong wind, tornado, cold wave, wildfire, hail.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Strafford County records 1.8 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 15.0 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 22.5 per 100,000 residents in Strafford County.

Homicide
1.8
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
15.0
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
22.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
21.8
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Strafford County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Rochester rather than Rochester itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

2 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 34 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Manchester Boston RgnlMHT34 mi9,250 ft
General Edward Lawrence Logan IntlBOS65 mi10,083 ft
Rhode Island TF Green IntlPVD111 mi8,700 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
67
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Other cities in Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH

Same metropolitan area, measured the same way
CityCountyPopulationArea ScoreCompare
BostonSuffolk County666,44264vs Rochester
CambridgeMiddlesex County118,79670vs Rochester
LowellMiddlesex County118,36862vs Rochester
BrocktonPlymouth County105,38654vs Rochester
QuincyNorfolk County102,11470vs Rochester
LynnEssex County101,70955vs Rochester
NewtonMiddlesex County89,04475vs Rochester
LawrenceEssex County88,73647vs Rochester
SomervilleMiddlesex County81,03667vs Rochester
FraminghamMiddlesex County72,39966vs Rochester
HaverhillEssex County67,69858vs Rochester
MaldenMiddlesex County65,90665vs Rochester

Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Rochester

3 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
0386722,732$78,67465
038686,133$81,53071
038394,279$88,34670