Essex County, MA

County Profile

813,054 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Essex County, MA.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

64out of 100
Area Score
Top 42% of 1,225 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 43% of 1,255 counties measured59
SchoolsTop 44% of 973 counties measured55
Growth690th of 1,226 counties measured46
Housing affordability1127th of 1,255 counties measured65
Climate820th of 1,254 counties measured63
Physical resilienceTop 23% of 1,255 counties measured79
AccessTop 28% of 1,255 counties measured90
Economic stabilityTop 13% of 1,255 counties measured87
The quick read

Unemployment is 4.3% and median household income $101,883, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published profiles.

Buying strains local incomes far more than renting does — the median home is 6.1 times median household income, against a historic benchmark near three — while rent takes 21% of it.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published profiles, placing Essex County in the top 23% for physical resilience.

At a glance

Population
813,054
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$101,883
Top 5% nationally
Density
1,651/sq mi
492.5 sq mi of land
Median age
41.2
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Essex County
Massachusetts
Metro area
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH
Nearest major airport
BOS
21 mi · General Edward Lawrence Logan Intl
Median home value
$619,100
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.3% is lower than 46% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 1.7% over the past year, to 422,373 employed residents.

43% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 94% of measured US locations.

Household income is higher than at least 95% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$1,515$101,883Top 5%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$814$54,665Top 4%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income$83,581Top 7%of 1,2062023
Poverty rate9.4%Bottom 21%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute30.9 minTop 20%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher43.0%Top 6%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Employment422,373Top 5%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-0.2%Bottom 44%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.7%Bottom 26%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force441,459Top 5%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force participation67.5%Top 9%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.4%Bottom 21%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate4.3%Top 46%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/066.53.3
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.3% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
2021202220232024102k87k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $101,883 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Home Health and Personal Care Aides72,420$40,910
General and Operations Managers70,950$133,800
Registered Nurses64,240$106,180
Retail Salespersons64,150$36,850
Fast Food and Counter Workers60,130$36,290
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners43,160$46,550

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

28% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 41% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 11.9 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
212
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
11.9
across all schools here
Math proficiency
28.2%
Top 50% in Massachusetts
Reading proficiency
41.3%
Bottom 42% in Massachusetts
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Lawrence High SchoolLawrence3,45313.6
Lynn English HighLynn2,06215.1
Haverhill HighHaverhill1,92212.6
Methuen HighMethuen1,84113.2
Gr Lawrence Regional Vocational TechnicalGreater Lawrence Regional Vocational Technical1,83712.8
Essex North Shore Agricultural and Technical SchoolEssex North Shore Agricultural and Technical School District1,83012.8
Classical HighLynn1,79514.5
KIPP Academy Lynn Charter School · charterKIPP Academy Lynn Charter1,63713.922%39%
Andover HighAndover1,60912.9
Lynn Vocational Technical InstituteLynn1,58412.212%22%
Beverly Middle SchoolBeverly1,38812.530%40%
Peabody Veterans Memorial HighPeabody1,33310.3

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Massachusetts’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,756 takes 21% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 6.1 times median household income here, well above the historic benchmark, at a level conventionally described as seriously unaffordable.

Rent as a share of income
20.7%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
6.1×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,756
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$619,100
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income6.08Top 4%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate63.5%Bottom 12%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±224329,776Top 3%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$23$1,756Top 4%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$3,976$619,100Top 2%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income20.7%Top 17%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate5.0%Bottom 5%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
46/ 100
Ranks 690 of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing — 2 consecutive years, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 2% since 2020, reaching 823,938 in 2024.

At 1.5 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
1,217
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
1.5
Bottom 25% nationally
Year over year
+13%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
59.1%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024824k807k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2020202120222023202420252k864
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−20%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 82°F and January a low of 20°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 44.9 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 37, in the Good band, and about 4 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station BEVERLY MUNI AP, 4.8 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.5"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index58.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation44.9"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low20°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high82°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10042024 calendar year
Median air quality index37.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing44°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
37
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
58
90th percentile index
Days above 100
4
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

79 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are coastal flooding, hurricane and earthquake.

Coastal floodingHigh
Ice stormModerate
EarthquakeElevated
HurricaneElevated
Heat waveModerate
DroughtModerate

Low or minimal exposure: inland flooding, lightning, tornado, strong wind, cold wave, landslide, wildfire, winter weather, hail.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Essex County records 1.7 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 3.5 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 19.4 per 100,000 residents in Essex County.

Homicide
1.7
per 100,000 residents
Firearm deaths, all intents
3.5
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
19.4
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
7.7
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Essex County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Essex County rather than Essex County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Cost of living now is — the index above is the Bureau of Economic Analysis price parity for this area — but it is a price level for all consumption rather than a budget for a household, its spread is driven mostly by housing, and it excludes taxes. Housing affordability is computed separately from rent, price and income, because that answers a narrower and more actionable question. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 21 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
General Edward Lawrence Logan IntlBOS21 mi10,083 ft
Manchester Boston RgnlMHT35 mi9,250 ft
Rhode Island TF Green IntlPVD70 mi8,700 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
64
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023Annually, each December
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.