Waterville, Maine
Area Profile
17,077 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Waterville, in Kennebec County.
Unemployment is 3.5% and median household income $53,580, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published city profiles.
In the public schools here, 78% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 12.3 students for every teacher.
Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 95 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 332% on the prior year.
At a glance
Jobs & opportunity
Unemployment of 3.5% is lower than 84% of the 3,904 measured US cities.
Employment fell 2.3% over the past year, to 7,564 employed residents.
31% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 70% of measured US cities.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income ±$3,811 | $53,580 | Bottom 29%of 29,573 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per capita income ±$2,854 | $32,905 | Bottom 47%of 31,420 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Poverty rate | 20.6% | Top 22%of 31,900 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Average commute | 19.4 min | Bottom 15%of 31,543 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 30.8% | Top 30%of 31,919 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Employment | 7,564 | Bottom 1%of 3,904 | June 2026 |
| Employment change (3 years) | -2.0% | Bottom 21%of 3,903 | June 2026 |
| Employment change (year over year) | -2.3% | Bottom 14%of 3,904 | June 2026 |
| Labor force | 7,841 | Bottom 1%of 3,904 | June 2026 |
| Labor force participation | 56.7% | Bottom 38%of 31,933 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Unemployment change (year over year) | -0.1% | Bottom 41%of 3,904 | June 2026 |
| Unemployment rate | 3.5% | Bottom 16%of 3,904 | June 2026 |
Schools
How it’s calculated →78% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 82% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.
There are 12.3 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.
| School | District | Students | Per teacher | Math | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winslow Elementary School | Winslow Schools | 581 | 12.1 | 80% | 87% |
| Benton Elementary School | RSU 49/MSAD 49 | 575 | 12.5 | 82% | 84% |
| George J Mitchell School | Waterville Public Schools | 532 | 12.7 | 72% | 72% |
| Waterville Senior High School | Waterville Public Schools | 529 | 12.9 | — | — |
| Winslow High School | Winslow Schools | 383 | 12.4 | — | — |
| Waterville Junior High School | Waterville Public Schools | 325 | 11.2 | 82% | 87% |
| Albert S Hall School | Waterville Public Schools | 237 | 11.8 | 70% | 77% |
| Winslow Junior High School | Winslow Schools | 178 | 11.9 | 82% | 87% |
| Mid-Maine Technical Center | Waterville Public Schools | 0 | — | — | — |
58.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.
Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Maine’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.
Housing & affordability
How it’s calculated →Median rent of $978 takes 22% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.
A median home costs 3.4 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Home price to income | 3.45 | Top 37%of 28,473 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Homeownership rate | 48.8% | Bottom 8%of 31,843 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Housing units ±449 | 7,312 | Top 8%of 32,330 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median gross rent ±$72 | $978 | Top 49%of 23,432 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median home value ±$20,944 | $184,600 | Bottom 49%of 29,342 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Rent as a share of income | 21.9% | Top 30%of 23,201 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacancy rate | 6.9% | Bottom 38%of 32,001 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.
Growth & development
How it’s calculated →An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.
Population has grown 4% since 2020, reaching 17,336 in 2024.
68% of recently permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses.
At 5.6 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US cities.
Weather & climate
5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 80°F and January a low of 12°F.
Normal annual precipitation is 41.8 inches.
Air quality measures a median index of 35, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.
| Metric | Value | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| 90th percentile air quality index | 53.0 | 2024 calendar year |
| Annual precipitation | 41.8" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average January low | 12°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average July high | 80°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Comfortable months | 5 | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Days above AQI 100 | 0 | 2024 calendar year |
| Median air quality index | 35.0 | 2024 calendar year |
| Seasonal temperature swing | 50°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.
Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.
Physical risk
The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hurricane, ice storm and earthquake.
Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, inland flooding, hail, strong wind, coastal flooding, cold wave, wildfire, tornado, avalanche.
Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.
Safety
How it’s measured →These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.
Kennebec County records 1.6 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.
Firearm deaths of all intents run at 12.6 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.
Drug overdose deaths run at 22.0 per 100,000 residents in Kennebec County.
Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.
Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Kennebec County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Waterville rather than Waterville itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.
What this profile does not cover
Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.
- Reported crime
- Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
- Taxes and full cost of living
- No public source publishes either with national coverage and a method open enough to check. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
- Anything about a specific address
- Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.
Access
1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 45 miles away.
| Airport | Code | Distance | Longest runway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bangor Intl | BGR | 45 mi | 11,440 ft |
| Manchester Boston Rgnl | MHT | 142 mi | 9,250 ft |
| General Edward Lawrence Logan Intl | BOS | 165 mi | 10,083 ft |
Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
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Other cities in Augusta-Waterville, ME
Same metropolitan area, measured the same way| City | County | Population | Area Score | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Augusta | Kennebec County | 19,077 | 57 | vs Waterville |
Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.
Similar places
Matched on AreaProfile signals, not geographyCompare
Put Waterville side by side with a similar place.
Data & methodology
| Used for | Source | Source period | Updated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Access | Federal Aviation Administration Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service | NASR current cycle | 28-day NASR cycle |
| Physical risk | Federal Emergency Management Agency National Risk Index | National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0) | Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current) |
| Climate | NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly) | 1991-2020 Normals | Every ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period) |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics | June 2026 | Monthly |
| Demographics | U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program | July 1, 2024 estimate | Annual (vintage released each spring) |
| Development | U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey | 12 months ending July 2026 | Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month |
| Demographics, Housing, Income, Jobs | U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File) | 2024 ACS 5-Year | Annual (5-year estimates released each December) |
| safety | U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics Provisional county-level mortality by intent | April, 2025 to March, 2026 | Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years |
| schools | U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments | 2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school year | Directory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them |
| Climate | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System Daily Air Quality Index by county | 2024 calendar year | Annually, once a calendar year is complete |
Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.
ZIP codes in Waterville
1 published ZIP profiles| ZIP | Population | Median household income | Area Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 04901 | 27,870 | $57,403 | 64 |