Waterville, Maine

Area Profile

17,077 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Waterville, in Kennebec County.

64out of 100
Area Score
Top 36% of 2,944 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity2684th of 3,904 cities measured47
SchoolsTop 34% of 2,668 cities measured64
GrowthTop 16% of 2,973 cities measured70
Housing affordabilityTop 41% of 4,223 cities measured86
Climate3837th of 4,223 cities measured57
Physical resilienceTop 29% of 4,182 cities measured76
Access3768th of 4,226 cities measured68
Economic stability3615th of 4,226 cities measured38
The quick read

Unemployment is 3.5% and median household income $53,580, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published city profiles.

In the public schools here, 78% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 12.3 students for every teacher.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 95 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 332% on the prior year.

At a glance

Population
17,077
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$53,580
Bottom 29% nationally
Density
1,262/sq mi
13.5 sq mi of land
Median age
35.5
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Kennebec County
Maine
Metro area
Augusta-Waterville, ME
Nearest major airport
BGR
45 mi · Bangor Intl
Median home value
$184,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.5% is lower than 84% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment fell 2.3% over the past year, to 7,564 employed residents.

31% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 70% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$3,811$53,580Bottom 29%of 29,5732024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,854$32,905Bottom 47%of 31,4202024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate20.6%Top 22%of 31,9002024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute19.4 minBottom 15%of 31,5432024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher30.8%Top 30%of 31,9192024 ACS 5-Year
Employment7,564Bottom 1%of 3,904June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-2.0%Bottom 21%of 3,903June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-2.3%Bottom 14%of 3,904June 2026
Labor force7,841Bottom 1%of 3,904June 2026
Labor force participation56.7%Bottom 38%of 31,9332024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.1%Bottom 41%of 3,904June 2026
Unemployment rate3.5%Bottom 16%of 3,904June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/065.72.2
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.5% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202454k41k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $53,580 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

78% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 82% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 12.3 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
9
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
12.3
across all schools here
Math proficiency
78.1%
Top 42% in Maine
Reading proficiency
81.9%
Top 42% in Maine
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Winslow Elementary SchoolWinslow Schools58112.180%87%
Benton Elementary SchoolRSU 49/MSAD 4957512.582%84%
George J Mitchell SchoolWaterville Public Schools53212.772%72%
Waterville Senior High SchoolWaterville Public Schools52912.9
Winslow High SchoolWinslow Schools38312.4
Waterville Junior High SchoolWaterville Public Schools32511.282%87%
Albert S Hall SchoolWaterville Public Schools23711.870%77%
Winslow Junior High SchoolWinslow Schools17811.982%87%
Mid-Maine Technical CenterWaterville Public Schools0

58.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Maine’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $978 takes 22% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.4 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
21.9%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.4×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$978
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$184,600
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income3.45Top 37%of 28,4732024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate48.8%Bottom 8%of 31,8432024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±4497,312Top 8%of 32,3302024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$72$978Top 49%of 23,4322024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$20,944$184,600Bottom 49%of 29,3422024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income21.9%Top 30%of 23,2012024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate6.9%Bottom 38%of 32,0012024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
70/ 100
Top 16% of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is increasing, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 4% since 2020, reaching 17,336 in 2024.

68% of recently permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses.

At 5.6 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
95
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
5.6
Top 27% nationally
Year over year
+332%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
68.4%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202417k17k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
202020212022202320242025747.0
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2020 (+825%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 80°F and January a low of 12°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 41.8 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 35, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station AUGUSTA STATE AP, 16.9 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index53.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation41.8"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low12°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high80°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index35.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing50°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
35
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
53
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

76 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hurricane, ice storm and earthquake.

Ice stormHigh
HurricaneElevated
LightningModerate
DroughtModerate
EarthquakeModerate
LandslideModerate
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, inland flooding, hail, strong wind, coastal flooding, cold wave, wildfire, tornado, avalanche.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Kennebec County records 1.6 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 12.6 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 22.0 per 100,000 residents in Kennebec County.

Homicide
1.6
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
12.6
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
22.0
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
17.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Kennebec County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Waterville rather than Waterville itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes and full cost of living
No public source publishes either with national coverage and a method open enough to check. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 45 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Bangor IntlBGR45 mi11,440 ft
Manchester Boston RgnlMHT142 mi9,250 ft
General Edward Lawrence Logan IntlBOS165 mi10,083 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
64
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Other cities in Augusta-Waterville, ME

Same metropolitan area, measured the same way
CityCountyPopulationArea ScoreCompare
AugustaKennebec County19,07757vs Waterville

Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Waterville

1 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
0490127,870$57,40364