04901 — Waterville, Maine

Area Profile

Income, jobs, climate, physical risk and development data for ZIP code 04901. Its median home value runs 11% above Waterville as a whole, which is why this ZIP carries a profile of its own.

60out of 100
Area Score
Top 43% of 3,113 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 12 sources
Opportunity2,471st of 3,116 ZIP areas measured40
GrowthTop 14% of 3,124 ZIP areas measured70
Housing affordabilityTop 44% of 3,112 ZIP areas measured70
Climate2,857th of 3,127 ZIP areas measured57
Physical resilienceTop 27% of 3,127 ZIP areas measured76
Access2,725th of 3,127 ZIP areas measured71
Economic stability2,474th of 3,127 ZIP areas measured35
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable ZIP areas measured: unemployment is 4.0% and the Opportunity signal places 04901 in the bottom 21%. The unemployment rate is published for Waterville, ME, which contains 04901, rather than for 04901 alone.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 95 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 332% on the prior year. The permit count and 1 other measure here are published for Waterville, ME, which contains 04901, rather than for 04901 alone.

Rent takes 31% of renter income here, above the 30% threshold conventionally called cost-burdened, and the median home is 2.5 times what its owners earn.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
27,870
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$57,403
Bottom 25% nationally
Density
354/sq mi
78.8 sq mi of land
Median age
39.2
2024 ACS 5-Year
City
Waterville
Maine
Nearest major airport
BGR
41 mi · Bangor Intl
Median home value
$204,700
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment across Waterville, ME, which contains 04901, is 4.0%, lower than in 64% of the 3,127 measured US ZIP areas.

Employment across Waterville, ME, which contains 04901, fell 2.2% over the past year, to 7,596 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsKennebec County, ME’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$57,68727th percentileof 2,996filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftKennebec County, ME’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$58,16227th percentileof 2,996filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$5,7562024 ACS 5-Year$57,403Bottom 25%of 31,0492024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,2882024 ACS 5-Year$34,107Bottom 41%of 32,8222024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year16.2%Bottom 26%of 32,8462024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±1.3 min2024 ACS 5-Year21.0 minTop 16%of 32,8872024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year29.4%Top 35%of 33,1932024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year72.5%38th percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentWaterville, ME’s figureJuly 20267,596Bottom 1%of 3,127July 2026
Employment change (3 years)Waterville, ME’s figureJuly 2026−2.6%Bottom 18%of 3,127July 2026
Employment change (year over year)Waterville, ME’s figureJuly 2026−2.2%Bottom 16%of 3,127July 2026
Labor forceWaterville, ME’s figureJuly 20267,9131st percentileof 3,127July 2026
Labor force participation ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year71.4%Bottom 27%of 32,8832024 ACS 5-Year
Public transit to work ±0.2%2024 ACS 5-Year0.0%1st percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)Waterville, ME’s figureJuly 20260.0%Bottom 44%of 3,127July 2026
Unemployment rateWaterville, ME’s figureJuly 20264.0%Top 36%of 3,127July 2026
Worked from home ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year13.9%69th percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202457k46k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $57,403 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish labor-force data for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Waterville, ME, the city containing this ZIP code.

32% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 52% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 12.3 students for every full-time teacher across 8 public schools, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
9
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
12.3
across 8 of them
Math proficiency
31.6%
2018-19 school year
Reading proficiency
52.4%
2018-19 school year
All 9 public schools on record, largest first.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Winslow Elementary SchoolWinslow Schools58112.130%55%
Benton Elementary SchoolRSU 49/MSAD 4957512.537%48%
George J Mitchell SchoolWaterville Public Schools53212.747%57%
Waterville Senior High SchoolWaterville Public Schools52912.922%47%
Winslow High SchoolWinslow Schools38312.422%52%
Waterville Junior High SchoolWaterville Public Schools32511.228%54%
Albert S Hall SchoolWaterville Public Schools23711.831%47%
Winslow Junior High SchoolWinslow Schools17811.929%65%
Mid-Maine Technical CenterWaterville Public Schools0———

58.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Maine’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the non-metropolitan parts of Maine is up 60% over five years, and up 2.3% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $2,608 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.27% of the median home value.

The typical renter household here spends 31% of its income on rent, above the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $990 a month.

A median home at $204,700 costs 2.5 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $82,205, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Rent as a share of income
31.3%
Above the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
2.5×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Median gross rent
$990
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$204,700
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against 04901’s median household income of $57,403, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price change (1 year)the non-metropolitan parts of Maine’s figure2026 Q2+2.3%36th percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the non-metropolitan parts of Maine’s figure2026 Q2+59.5%95th percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the non-metropolitan parts of Maine’s figure2026 Q2+123.0%90th percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.22024 ACS 5-Year2.5Top 41%of 29,2752024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year60.7%16th percentileof 32,7502024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±4942024 ACS 5-Year12,29688th percentileof 33,4602024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$742024 ACS 5-Year$990Top 48%of 26,3962024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$12,7422024 ACS 5-Year$204,70045th percentileof 30,8122024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$1262024 ACS 5-Year$2,60863rd percentileof 28,9352024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$5,5092024 ACS 5-Year$82,205Bottom 49%of 29,8022024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.10%2024 ACS 5-Year1.27%73rd percentileof 24,0992024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year31.3%Bottom 33%of 26,2472024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±852024 ACS 5-Year13780th percentileof 33,7722024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year1.1%51st percentileof 32,9612024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year5.8%42nd percentileof 32,7882024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±2222024 ACS 5-Year84584th percentileof 33,7722024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures.

Development Momentum

70/ 100
Top 14% of 3,124 published ZIP profiles

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

68% of the 95 units permitted over the past twelve months are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses. The multifamily share is published for Waterville, ME, which contains 04901, rather than for 04901 alone.

At 5.6 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US ZIP areas. The permit rate is published for Waterville, ME, which contains 04901, rather than for 04901 alone.

Units permitted
95
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
5.6
Top 29% nationally
Year over year
+332%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
68.4%
units in 5+ unit buildings

People moving in and out

Net migration
+0.5%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
39%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$57,687
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$58,162
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Somerset County, ME 580 people · 11% of arrivals
  2. Androscoggin County, ME 534 people · 10.0% of arrivals
  3. Cumberland County, ME 531 people · 9.9% of arrivals
  4. Penobscot County, ME 266 people · 5.0% of arrivals
  5. Sagadahoc County, ME 244 people · 4.6% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Somerset County, ME 680 people · 14% of departures
  2. Cumberland County, ME 417 people · 8.7% of departures
  3. Androscoggin County, ME 384 people · 8.0% of departures
  4. Penobscot County, ME 236 people · 4.9% of departures
  5. Lincoln County, ME 222 people · 4.6% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. This is the figure for Kennebec County, ME. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

The Building Permits Survey is not published for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Waterville, ME, the city containing this ZIP code.

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 80°F and January a low of 12°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 41.8 inches.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station AUGUSTA STATE AP, 18.8 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND4.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year532024 calendar year
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals41.8"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals12°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals80°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year02024 calendar year
Median air quality index2024 calendar year352024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals50°F1991-2020 Normals

Air quality

Median air quality index
35
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
53
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

76 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, hurricane and ice storm, with inland flooding alone responsible for 57% of it. Inland flooding is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 73% of measured US ZIP areas.

Ice stormHigh
HurricaneElevated
LightningModerate
DroughtModerate
EarthquakeModerate
LandslideModerate
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, inland flooding, hail, strong wind, coastal flooding, cold wave, wildfire, tornado, avalanche, tsunami, volcanic activity.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. ZIP values are the land-area-weighted mean of the counties the ZIP Code Tabulation Area intersects. Expected annual loss is not allocated below county level. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Homicide
1.6
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
12.6
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
22.8
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
18.1
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe the county around 04901 (Kennebec County) rather than 04901 itself. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. A ZIP area is not a jurisdiction, so no department reports for one. Waterville carries the figure where its department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Cost of living
Price parities are published for metropolitan areas, and this place lies outside one.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. Cost of living is published where the Bureau of Economic Analysis measures it, though not for this place. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest Bangor Intl at 41 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year89.1%Bottom 49%of 32,6632024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle41 miBottom 20%of 3,127NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle1Bottom 1%of 3,127NASR current cycle
No internet access ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year8.8%Bottom 45%of 32,6632024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Bangor IntlBGR41 mi11,440 ft
Manchester Boston RgnlMHT145 mi9,250 ft
General Edward Lawrence Logan IntlBOS167 mi10,083 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
60
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar year
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

04901 vs Waterville

How this ZIP area compares with Waterville as a whole. Both figures come from the same ACS release, so the comparison is like for like — a gap here is a real difference between the two places, not two surveys disagreeing.

04901
Waterville
Median household income: 04901 is the more favorable of the two.
Median household income
$57,403
vs
$53,580
Per capita income: 04901 is the more favorable of the two.
Per capita income
$34,107
vs
$32,905
Population density
354/sq mi
vs
1,262/sq mi
Median home value
$204,700
vs
$184,600
Median gross rent: Waterville is the more favorable of the two.
Median gross rent
$990
vs
$978
Homeownership rate
60.7%
vs
48.8%
Bachelor's degree or higher: Waterville is the more favorable of the two.
Bachelor's degree or higher
29.4%
vs
30.8%
Poverty rate: 04901 is the more favorable of the two.
Poverty rate
16.2%
vs
20.7%
Median age
39.2
vs
35.5

Some demographic statistics use Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, which approximate but do not exactly match USPS ZIP delivery geography. See the methodology for how AreaProfile maps between them.