Pima County, AZ
County Profile
1,060,490 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Pima County, AZ.
Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.
How this area ranks
Data updated · 14 sourcesEmployment conditions sit below most comparable counties measured: unemployment is 5.6% and the Opportunity signal places Pima County in the bottom 11%.
In the public schools here, 45% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 16.1 students for every teacher.
4,790 housing units were authorized over the past twelve months, within 5% of the prior year — steady rather than turning.
These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.
At a glance
Jobs & opportunity
Unemployment of 5.6% — higher than in all but 11% of the 1,467 measured US counties.
Employment fell 4.5% over the past year, to 453,902 employed residents.
37% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 88% of measured US counties.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023 | $76,350 | 79th percentileof 1,417 | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023 | $70,689 | 78th percentileof 1,417 | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Median household income ±$1,0892024 ACS 5-Year | $70,315 | Top 37%of 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per capita income ±$5092024 ACS 5-Year | $40,140 | Top 25%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per-capita personal income2023 | $58,535 | Top 41%of 1,389 | 2023 |
| Poverty rate ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 13.2% | Bottom 48%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Average commute ±0.2 min2024 ACS 5-Year | 26.0 min | Bottom 48%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Bachelor's degree or higher ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 36.8% | Top 12%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Drove alone to work ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 69.3% | 13th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| EmploymentJuly 2026 | 453,902 | Top 4%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (3 years)July 2026 | −3.9% | Bottom 12%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (year over year)July 2026 | −4.5% | Bottom 3%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Labor forceJuly 2026 | 480,908 | 96th percentileof 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Labor force participation ±0.5%2024 ACS 5-Year | 76.4% | Top 46%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Public transit to work ±0.2%2024 ACS 5-Year | 1.5% | 92nd percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026 | +0.7% | Bottom 10%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Unemployment rateJuly 2026 | 5.6% | Bottom 11%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Worked from home ±0.5%2024 ACS 5-Year | 15.4% | 88th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
Unemployment rate
Median household income, successive ACS releases
Largest occupations — Tucson, AZ
| Occupation | People employed | Median annual wage |
|---|---|---|
| General and Operations Managers | 12,130 | $83,610 |
| Retail Salespersons | 11,100 | $34,530 |
| Home Health and Personal Care Aides | 11,030 | $34,420 |
| Registered Nurses | 10,120 | $94,110 |
| Fast Food and Counter Workers | 9,980 | $31,690 |
| Cashiers | 9,610 | $32,780 |
Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.
Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
45% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 46% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.
There are 16.1 students for every full-time teacher across 269 public schools, more than in most measured places.
| School | District | Students | Per teacher | Math | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tucson Magnet High School | Tucson Unified District (4403) | 2,938 | 17.8 | 44% | 40% |
| Marana High School | Marana Unified District (4404) | 2,437 | 19.8 | 47% | 42% |
| Sunnyside High School | Sunnyside Unified District (4407) | 2,258 | 23.8 | 27% | 25% |
| Desert View High School | Sunnyside Unified District (4407) | 2,102 | 20.8 | 35% | 35% |
| Pima County Schools Superintendent's Diploma Program | Pima County Accommodation School District (4401) | 2,058 | — | — | — |
| Cienega High School | Vail Unified District (4413) | 1,881 | 18.3 | 67% | 64% |
| Catalina Foothills High School | Catalina Foothills Unified District (4410) | 1,865 | 20.3 | 82% | 77% |
| Mountain View High School | Marana Unified District (4404) | 1,827 | 19.9 | 47% | 52% |
| Pueblo High School | Tucson Unified District (4403) | 1,821 | 18.6 | 22% | 22% |
| Canyon Del Oro High School | Amphitheater Unified District (4406) | 1,758 | 22.0 | 62% | 62% |
| Flowing Wells High School | Flowing Wells Unified District (4405) | 1,742 | 22.1 | 47% | 47% |
| Cholla High School | Tucson Unified District (4403) | 1,575 | 17.5 | 22% | 22% |
Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Arizona’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.
Housing & affordability
How it’s calculated — housing affordability →Prices for everything a household buys run about 5% below the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 94.9, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Tucson, AZ Metro Area is up 40% over five years, and up 1.9% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.
Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $2,272 a year in real estate taxes, about 0.71% of the median home value.
HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,402, some 16% above the $1,212 tenants already here pay.
At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,402 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $56,100 a year, about 80% of the median household income here of $70,315.
The typical renter household here spends 32% of its income on rent, above the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,212 a month.
A median home at $319,700 costs 3.6 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $88,269, above the historic benchmark of about 3 times income.
Prices here run about 5% below the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.
Published for the Tucson, AZ Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.
The figures above are measured against Pima County’s median household income of $70,315, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of living indexthe Tucson, AZ Metro Area’s figure2023 | 94.9 | Bottom 46%of 887 | 2023 |
| Home price change (1 year)the Tucson, AZ Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +1.9% | 22nd percentileof 1,431 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price change (5 years)the Tucson, AZ Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +39.5% | 26th percentileof 1,431 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price change (10 years)the Tucson, AZ Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +110.2% | 77th percentileof 1,431 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price to income ±0.12024 ACS 5-Year | 3.6 | Bottom 16%of 3,217 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Homeownership rate ±0.5%2024 ACS 5-Year | 65.2% | 15th percentileof 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Housing units ±3592024 ACS 5-Year | 479,939 | 99th percentileof 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Market rent, one bedroomFY2026 | $1,081 | Bottom 36%of 1,423 | FY2026 |
| Market rent, three bedroomFY2026 | $1,950 | Bottom 25%of 1,423 | FY2026 |
| Market rent, two bedroomFY2026 | $1,402 | Bottom 29%of 1,423 | FY2026 |
| Median gross rent ±$142024 ACS 5-Year | $1,212 | Bottom 16%of 3,215 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median home value ±$3,3382024 ACS 5-Year | $319,700 | 83rd percentileof 3,219 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median property taxes ±$292024 ACS 5-Year | $2,272 | 71st percentileof 3,172 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Owner household income ±$1,5592024 ACS 5-Year | $88,269 | Top 27%of 3,218 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Property tax rate ±0.01%2024 ACS 5-Year | 0.71% | 42nd percentileof 3,126 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Rent as a share of income ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 31.8% | Bottom 16%of 3,216 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Seasonal and second homes ±1,0402024 ACS 5-Year | 15,078 | 99th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year | 3.1% | 54th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year | 5.6% | 22nd percentileof 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacant housing units ±1,7332024 ACS 5-Year | 42,112 | 99th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.
Growth & development
How it’s calculated — growth →Development Momentum
An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.
Population has grown 3% since 2020, reaching 1,080,149 in 2024.
Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before: 4,658 units authorized in 2025, 12% below the prior year.
Federal tax returns show Pima County gained about 0.3% of its residents through moves within the US in the most recent year, counting those who arrived against those who left. Households that moved in reported an average income of $76,350, above the $70,689 of households that moved out.
At 4.5 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US counties.
Population, annual estimates
People moving in and out
Where newcomers came from
- Maricopa County, AZ 4,305 people · 12% of arrivals
- Cochise County, AZ 1,387 people · 3.8% of arrivals
- Pinal County, AZ 1,317 people · 3.6% of arrivals
- Santa Cruz County, AZ 1,005 people · 2.8% of arrivals
- Los Angeles County, CA 905 people · 2.5% of arrivals
Where people who left went
- Maricopa County, AZ 5,043 people · 15% of departures
- Pinal County, AZ 1,428 people · 4.2% of departures
- Cochise County, AZ 1,124 people · 3.3% of departures
- Santa Cruz County, AZ 824 people · 2.4% of departures
- San Diego County, CA 683 people · 2.0% of departures
Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.
Housing units permitted per year
Weather & climate
6 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 99°F and January a low of 41°F.
Normal annual precipitation is 11.1 inches.
Air quality measures a median index of 56, in the Moderate band, and about 12 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.
Precipitation
| Metric | Value | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| 90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year | 87 | 2024 calendar year |
| Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals | 11.1" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average January low1991-2020 Normals | 41°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average July high1991-2020 Normals | 99°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals | 6 | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year | 12 | 2024 calendar year |
| Median air quality index2024 calendar year | 56 | 2024 calendar year |
| Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals | 34°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
Air quality
A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.
Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.
Physical risk
The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, heat wave and wildfire, with inland flooding alone responsible for 65% of it. Heat wave is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.
Low or minimal exposure: heat wave, lightning, hail, earthquake, strong wind, winter weather, drought, landslide, tornado, hurricane, cold wave, ice storm, tsunami, volcanic activity, coastal flooding.
Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.
These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.
Pima County records 5.6 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.
Firearm deaths of all intents run at 18.4 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.
Drug overdose deaths run at 36.4 per 100,000 residents in Pima County.
Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.
Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Pima County as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.
What this profile does not cover
Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.
- Reported crime
- Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
- Taxes
- Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
- Anything about a specific address
- Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.
Access
5 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Tucson Intl at 49 miles.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broadband access ±0.4%2024 ACS 5-Year | 91.9% | Top 14%of 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Distance to major airportNASR current cycle | 49 mi | Bottom 32%of 1,463 | NASR current cycle |
| Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle | 5 | Top 26%of 1,463 | NASR current cycle |
| No internet access ±0.3%2024 ACS 5-Year | 5.6% | Top 14%of 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Airport | Code | Distance | Longest runway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tucson Intl | TUS | 49 mi | 10,996 ft |
| Mesa Gateway | IWA | 82 mi | 10,401 ft |
| Phoenix Sky Harbor Intl | PHX | 91 mi | 11,489 ft |
Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
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Similar places
Matched on AreaProfile signals, not geographyData & methodology
| Used for | Source | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| Access | Federal Aviation Administration Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service | NASR current cycle |
| Physical risk | Federal Emergency Management Agency National Risk Index | National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0) |
| Demographics, Income | Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county) | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Climate | NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly) | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Housing, Income | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional price parities and county personal income | 2023 |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics | July 2026 |
| Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, Jobs | U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File) | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Development | U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey | 12 months ending July 2026 |
| Demographics | U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program | July 1, 2024 estimate |
| Safety | U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics Provisional county-level mortality by intent | March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026 |
| Schools | U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments | 2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year |
| Housing | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research Fair Market Rents | FY2026 |
| Climate | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System Daily Air Quality Index by county | 2024 calendar year |
| Housing | U.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions) | 2026 Q2 |
| Current conditions | NOAA National Weather Service National Weather Service current conditions | Live observation, read when the page opens |
Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.
Cities in Pima County, AZ
ZIP areas
Only ZIP areas whose income or home value differ from their city’s by at least ten percent get a profile of their own, so this is a selection rather than every ZIP code in the county.