AreaProfile

Louisville/Jefferson County, Kentucky

Area Profile

631,818 residents. Jobs, income, climate, physical risk, development and airport access for Louisville/Jefferson County, in Jefferson County.

Area Score unavailable

Missing required signals: opportunity, growth. AreaProfile withholds a score rather than inferring the missing dimensions.

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Housing affordabilityTop 9% of 150 published cities90
ClimateTop 30% of 149 published cities76
Physical resilience89th of 150 published cities48
Access58th of 149 published cities97
Economic stability96th of 150 published cities51
The quick read

Housing is more affordable relative to local incomes than in most published city profiles, with rent taking 20% of median household income.

A major airport is 5 miles away, giving the area unusually direct access to the national air network.

At a glance

Population
631,818
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$66,849
Top 50% nationally
Density
2,402/sq mi
263.0 sq mi of land
Median age
37.7
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Jefferson County
Kentucky
Metro area
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN
Nearest major airport
SDF
5 mi · Louisville Muhammad Ali Intl
Median home value
$233,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

34% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 75% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$1,523$66,849Top 50%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$631$39,683Top 33%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate15.8%Top 33%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute24.0 minBottom 35%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher33.8%Top 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Labor force participation65.6%Top 32%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$62,310Bottom 28%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$48,370Bottom 29%2025 OEWS
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202467k58k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $66,849 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand29,400$46,830
Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators20,920$48,440
Registered Nurses18,180$84,850
Retail Salespersons17,540$30,660
General and Operations Managers16,830$89,140
Stockers and Order Fillers16,410$37,610

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,120 takes 20% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.5 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
20.1%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.5×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,120
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$233,900
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.50Top 36%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate60.7%Bottom 21%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±971289,095Top 1%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$14$1,120Top 38%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$2,746$233,900Top 39%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income20.1%Top 40%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate8.5%Bottom 44%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →

Population has grown 1% since 2020, reaching 640,796 in 2024.

Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024641k627k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.

No building-permit activity is published for this location by the Census Building Permits Survey.

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 88°F and January a low of 27°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 48.1 inches.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station LOUISVILLE BOWMAN FLD, 4.4 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND5.2"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation48.1"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low27°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high88°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing44°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

48 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding and earthquake.

Inland floodingElevated
EarthquakeElevated

Low or minimal exposure: tornado, heat wave, cold wave, strong wind, lightning, winter weather, hail, ice storm, wildfire, landslide, hurricane, drought.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

Taxes

AreaProfile does not yet publish tax comparisons. No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, methodology transparency and update cadence, and the product rule is to omit a dimension rather than estimate it. The Area Score is calculated without a tax component and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Nothing on AreaProfile is individualized tax advice.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 5 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Louisville Muhammad Ali IntlSDF5 mi11,887 ft
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky IntlCVG81 mi10,000 ft
Owensboro/Daviess County RgnlOWB88 mi8,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)

Profile recalculated August 29, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Louisville/Jefferson County

6 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
4021445,405$54,931
4021644,047$56,441
4029942,207$89,440
4022941,299$79,936
4029141,222$81,267
4021939,909$55,720