Stephenson County, IL

County Profile

43,768 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Stephenson County, IL.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

60out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 44% of 1,225 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 49% of 1,255 counties measured56
Schools542nd of 973 counties measured46
Growth993rd of 1,226 counties measured33
Housing affordabilityTop 22% of 1,255 counties measured100
Climate1082nd of 1,254 counties measured57
Physical resilienceTop 39% of 1,255 counties measured69
Access954th of 1,255 counties measured67
Economic stability698th of 1,255 counties measured58
The quick read

Unemployment is 3.9% and median household income $64,043, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published profiles.

In the public schools here, 20% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 13.2 students for every teacher.

Rent takes 15% of median household income here, below the 30% threshold conventionally called cost-burdened, and the median home is 2.1 times that income.

At a glance

Population
43,768
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$64,043
Bottom 47% nationally
Density
78/sq mi
564.2 sq mi of land
Median age
45.3
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Stephenson County
Illinois
Metro area
Freeport, IL
Nearest major airport
MSN
57 mi · Dane County Rgnl/Truax Fld
Median home value
$134,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.9% is lower than 62% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment grew 0.6% over the past year, to 20,661 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$3,674$64,043Bottom 47%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,190$35,305Top 48%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income$55,185Bottom 45%of 1,2062023
Poverty rate13.9%Top 46%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute22.3 minBottom 27%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher20.7%Bottom 42%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Employment20,661Bottom 25%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-0.6%Bottom 37%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (year over year)0.6%Top 20%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force21,494Bottom 25%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force participation60.6%Top 40%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.1%Bottom 39%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate3.9%Bottom 38%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/065.93.9
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.9% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202464k54k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $64,043 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

20% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 25% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 13.2 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
23
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
13.2
across all schools here
Math proficiency
19.9%
Bottom 32% in Illinois
Reading proficiency
24.7%
Bottom 44% in Illinois
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Freeport High SchoolFreeport SD 1451,16513.4
Freeport Middle SchoolFreeport SD 14551514.33%3%
Carl Sandburg Middle SchFreeport SD 14543011.612%12%
Lena-Winslow Elem SchoolLena Winslow CUSD 20241214.737%38%
Dakota Elementary SchoolDakota CUSD 20141012.822%26%
Blackhawk Elem SchoolFreeport SD 14536114.413%9%
Jones-Farrar Intl BaccalaureateFreeport SD 14535013.018%15%
Dakota Jr Sr High SchoolDakota CUSD 20134415.037%57%
Lincoln-Douglas Elementary SchoolFreeport SD 14532513.010%10%
Empire Elem SchoolFreeport SD 14529512.39%11%
Center Elem SchoolFreeport SD 14526212.529%30%
Lena-Winslow High SchoolLena Winslow CUSD 20223212.2

50.2% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Illinois’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $798 takes 15% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 2.1 times median household income here, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Rent as a share of income
15.0%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
2.1×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$798
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$134,900
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income2.11Bottom 14%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate70.9%Bottom 32%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±4621,330Top 34%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$33$798Bottom 34%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$6,661$134,900Bottom 24%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income15.0%Bottom 25%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate9.2%Bottom 26%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
33/ 100
Ranks 993 of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is increasing, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has fallen 3% since 2020, reaching 43,088 in 2024.

Permitting has turned upward after moving the other way the year before.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 0.4 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
19
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
0.4
Bottom 5% nationally
Year over year
+27%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202445k43k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2022202320242025187.0
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+50%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 82°F and January a low of 11°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 38.4 inches, including 34.5 inches of snow.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station FREEPORT WASTE WTP, 4.8 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND5.3"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation38.4"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall34.5"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low11°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high82°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing53°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

69 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, tornado and hail.

HailElevated
Strong windElevated
TornadoElevated
DroughtModerate
Inland floodingModerate
LightningModerate

Low or minimal exposure: cold wave, ice storm, heat wave, earthquake, landslide, winter weather, wildfire, hurricane.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Stephenson County records 2.5 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 12.5 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 9.2 per 100,000 residents in Stephenson County.

Homicide
2.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
12.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
9.2
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
16.0
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Stephenson County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Stephenson County rather than Stephenson County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Cost of living now is — the index above is the Bureau of Economic Analysis price parity for this area — but it is a price level for all consumption rather than a budget for a household, its spread is driven mostly by housing, and it excludes taxes. Housing affordability is computed separately from rent, price and income, because that answers a narrower and more actionable question. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 57 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Dane County Rgnl/Truax FldMSN57 mi9,006 ft
Quad Cities IntlMLI76 mi10,002 ft
Chicago O'Hare IntlORD94 mi11,245 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023Annually, each December
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

Cities in Stephenson County, IL