Mesa County, CO

County Profile

158,601 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Mesa County, CO.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

56out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 38% of 1,453 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 14 sources
Opportunity991st of 1,463 counties measured46
Schools1,142nd of 1,377 counties measured24
Growth740th of 1,453 counties measured49
Housing affordability1,249th of 1,462 counties measured59
Climate1,370th of 1,463 counties measured53
Physical resilienceTop 17% of 1,463 counties measured82
AccessTop 3% of 1,463 counties measured99
Economic stabilityTop 26% of 1,463 counties measured76
The quick read

Unemployment is 4.3% and median household income $73,658, putting employment conditions in the middle range of counties measured.

In the public schools here, 27% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 16.6 students for every teacher.

813 housing units were authorized over the past twelve months, within 10% of the prior year — steady rather than turning.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
158,601
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$73,658
Top 29% nationally
Density
48/sq mi
3,328.7 sq mi of land
Median age
41.3
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Mesa County
Colorado
Nearest major airport
GJT
8 mi · Grand Junction Rgnl
Median home value
$378,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.3% — higher than in all but 42% of the 1,467 measured US counties.

Employment fell 2.8% over the past year, to 74,287 employed residents.

32% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 81% of measured US counties.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023$70,11973rd percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023$58,68053rd percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$2,0932024 ACS 5-Year$73,658Top 29%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,0532024 ACS 5-Year$40,076Top 25%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income2023$57,277Top 46%of 1,3892023
Poverty rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year10.0%Top 27%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±0.6 min2024 ACS 5-Year19.8 minTop 14%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year32.3%Top 19%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year72.0%20th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentJuly 202674,287Top 30%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (3 years)July 2026−1.5%Bottom 30%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (year over year)July 2026−2.8%Bottom 11%of 1,467July 2026
Labor forceJuly 202677,63271st percentileof 1,467July 2026
Labor force participation ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year78.6%Top 34%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Public transit to work ±0.2%2024 ACS 5-Year0.7%81st percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026+0.1%Bottom 36%of 1,467July 2026
Unemployment rateJuly 20264.3%Bottom 42%of 1,467July 2026
Worked from home ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year13.7%83rd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Unemployment rate

2021/072022/072023/072024/072025/072026/076.12.9
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.3% in July 2026. It has been rising for the last 3 months, over a series running from 2020-01 to 2026-07. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202474k62k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $73,658 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

Largest occupations — Grand Junction, CO

OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers2,450$31,510
Retail Salespersons2,190$35,630
Registered Nurses2,130$95,990
Cashiers1,740$34,390
Home Health and Personal Care Aides1,270$35,510
Stockers and Order Fillers1,150$40,120

Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

27% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 43% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 16.6 students for every full-time teacher across 50 public schools, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
52
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
16.6
across 50 of them
Math proficiency
26.7%
Bottom 24% in Colorado
Reading proficiency
42.8%
Bottom 24% in Colorado
The 12 largest of 52 public schools, by enrollment.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Grand Junction High SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 511,83220.131%54%
Fruita Monument High SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 511,42719.539%66%
Central High SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 511,35217.126%45%
Palisade High SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 511,07318.536%54%
Caprock Academy · charterState Charter School Institute87114.024%53%
Fruita Middle SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 5169017.722%34%
Redlands Middle SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 5163217.643%59%
Mount Garfield Middle SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 5156916.713%21%
Orchard Mesa Middle SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 5156016.015%27%
Bookcliff Middle SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 5152513.814%20%
Independence Academy · charterMesa County Valley School District No. 5149117.541%55%
Grand Mesa Middle SchoolMesa County Valley School District No. 5147615.413%29%

52.8% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Colorado’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

Prices for everything a household buys run about 7% below the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 92.8, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Grand Junction, CO Metro Area is up 45% over five years, and up 8.8% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $1,439 a year in real estate taxes, about 0.38% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,249, close to the $1,182 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,249 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $50,000 a year, about 68% of the median household income here of $73,658.

The typical renter household here spends 30% of its income on rent, at the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,182 a month.

A median home at $378,600 costs 4.3 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $87,671, above the historic benchmark of about 3 times income.

Cost of living
92.8

Prices here run about 7% below the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Published for the Grand Junction, CO Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.

Rent as a share of income
29.5%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
4.3×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$1,249
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$1,182
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$378,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Mesa County’s median household income of $73,658, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living indexthe Grand Junction, CO Metro Area’s figure202392.8Top 39%of 8872023
Home price change (1 year)the Grand Junction, CO Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+8.8%99th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the Grand Junction, CO Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+45.2%52nd percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the Grand Junction, CO Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+120.5%90th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.12024 ACS 5-Year4.3Bottom 8%of 3,2172024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year72.5%40th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±902024 ACS 5-Year69,96987th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$986Bottom 47%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,737Bottom 34%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$1,249Bottom 42%of 1,423FY2026
Median gross rent ±$432024 ACS 5-Year$1,182Bottom 18%of 3,2152024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$6,0052024 ACS 5-Year$378,60089th percentileof 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$322024 ACS 5-Year$1,43943rd percentileof 3,1722024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$2,5932024 ACS 5-Year$87,671Top 28%of 3,2182024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.01%2024 ACS 5-Year0.38%6th percentileof 3,1262024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year29.5%Bottom 32%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±3722024 ACS 5-Year1,66382nd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year2.4%47th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year3.5%5th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±6362024 ACS 5-Year4,13975th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.

Development Momentum

49/ 100
Ranks 740 of 1,453 published county profiles
Permitting has been falling for the last 2 years of a series running from 2020 to 2025. That is the direction of the recent run. The chart below compares the first year with the last, which can point the other way.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 3% since 2020, reaching 161,260 in 2024.

New construction is predominantly single-family: of 813 units permitted over the past twelve months, only 18% are in buildings of five or more homes.

Federal tax returns show Mesa County gained about 1.2% of its residents through moves within the US in the most recent year, counting those who arrived against those who left. Households that moved in reported an average income of $70,119, above the $58,680 of households that moved out.

At 5.1 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US counties.

Units permitted
813
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
5.1
Top 28% nationally
Year over year
−10%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
18.5%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

20202021202220232024161k156k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been rising for the last 4 years, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

People moving in and out

Net migration
+1.2%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
56%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$70,119
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$58,680
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Garfield County, CO 406 people · 5.9% of arrivals
  2. Jefferson County, CO 309 people · 4.5% of arrivals
  3. Montrose County, CO 253 people · 3.7% of arrivals
  4. Delta County, CO 214 people · 3.1% of arrivals
  5. Denver County, CO 194 people · 2.8% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Delta County, CO 244 people · 4.5% of departures
  2. Garfield County, CO 210 people · 3.9% of departures
  3. Montrose County, CO 202 people · 3.7% of departures
  4. Jefferson County, CO 135 people · 2.5% of departures
  5. Larimer County, CO 125 people · 2.3% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

Housing units permitted per year

2020202120222023202420251k765
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−24%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 95°F and January a low of 17°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 9.1 inches, including 17.7 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 48, in the Good band, and about 7 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

10°30°50°70°90°110°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station GRAND JUNCTION WALKER FLD, 9.0 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND1.2"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year772024 calendar year
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals9.1"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall1991-2020 Normals17.7"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals17°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals95°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year72024 calendar year
Median air quality index2024 calendar year482024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals52°F1991-2020 Normals

Air quality

Median air quality index
48
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
77
90th percentile index
Days above 100
7
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

82 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, earthquake and lightning, with inland flooding alone responsible for 63% of it. Inland flooding and lightning are independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large those hazards are.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 83% of measured US counties.

AvalancheModerate
WildfireElevated
EarthquakeElevated
DroughtModerate
Heat waveModerate
Cold waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: landslide, lightning, inland flooding, winter weather, ice storm, hail, volcanic activity, tornado, strong wind, tsunami, coastal flooding, hurricane.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Mesa County has a modeled homicide rate of about 3.5 per 100,000 residents a year, because the CDC suppresses counts this small, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 21.3 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 11.9 per 100,000 residents in Mesa County.

Homicide
3.5
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
21.3
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
11.9
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
31.3
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Mesa County as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

5 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Grand Junction Rgnl at 8 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year92.6%Top 11%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle8 miTop 6%of 1,463NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle5Top 26%of 1,463NASR current cycle
No internet access ±0.9%2024 ACS 5-Year5.3%Top 12%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Grand Junction RgnlGJT8 mi9,339 ft
Montrose RgnlMTJ47 mi10,000 ft
Aspen-Pitkin County/Sardy FldASE86 mi8,006 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
56
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
Housing, IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar year
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

ZIP areas

Only ZIP areas whose income or home value differ from their city’s by at least ten percent get a profile of their own, so this is a selection rather than every ZIP code in the county.