Jefferson County, CO

County Profile

579,377 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Jefferson County, CO.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

54out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 21% of 1,225 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 43% of 1,255 counties measured59
Growth1155th of 1,226 counties measured21
Housing affordability1093rd of 1,255 counties measured68
Climate850th of 1,254 counties measured62
Physical resilience1001st of 1,255 counties measured34
AccessTop 21% of 1,255 counties measured93
Economic stabilityTop 4% of 1,255 counties measured95
The quick read

Residential permitting has slowed: 988 units authorized over the past twelve months, 18% below the prior year.

Buying strains local incomes far more than renting does — the median home is 5.8 times median household income, against a historic benchmark near three — while rent takes 20% of it.

Physical-risk exposure is above the national median, driven mainly by hail, wildfire and tornado.

At a glance

Population
579,377
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$110,656
Top 3% nationally
Density
758/sq mi
764.4 sq mi of land
Median age
40.5
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Jefferson County
Colorado
Metro area
Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO
Nearest major airport
APA
21 mi · Centennial
Median home value
$637,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.7% is lower than 70% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 2.9% over the past year, to 316,293 employed residents.

52% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 98% of measured US locations.

Household income is higher than at least 97% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$1,614$110,656Top 3%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$743$60,827Top 2%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate6.7%Bottom 5%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute28.1 minTop 34%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher52.0%Top 2%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Employment316,293Top 9%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-3.5%Bottom 12%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-2.9%Bottom 9%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force328,300Top 9%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force participation69.3%Top 5%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.1%Bottom 43%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate3.7%Bottom 30%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/065.92.5
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.7% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
2021202220232024111k94k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $110,656 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers42,810$37,070
Retail Salespersons40,340$38,470
Stockers and Order Fillers32,610$44,480
Registered Nurses30,380$101,130
Business Operations Specialists, All Other28,670$94,990
Software Developers27,010$137,610

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

There are 17.1 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
145
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
17.1
across all schools here
Math proficiency
Reading proficiency
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Arvada West High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,92321.9
Ralston Valley Senior High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,87521.6
Chatfield High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,80819.9
Lakewood High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,73519.1
Columbine High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,71020.9
Golden High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,46921.6
Bear Creek High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,34419.2
Dakota Ridge Senior High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,27719.6
Pomona Junior/Senior High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,25217.6
D'Evelyn Junior/Senior High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,21220.9
Standley Lake High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,12319.7
Green Mountain High SchoolJefferson County School District No. R-11,07120.2

31.6% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Colorado’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,861 takes 20% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 5.8 times median household income here, well above the historic benchmark, at a level conventionally described as seriously unaffordable.

Rent as a share of income
20.2%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
5.8×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,861
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$637,600
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income5.76Top 5%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate70.7%Bottom 31%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±276253,574Top 4%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$19$1,861Top 2%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$3,257$637,600Top 2%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income20.2%Top 20%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate4.7%Bottom 4%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
21/ 100
Ranks 1155 of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing — 4 consecutive years, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has fallen 1% since 2020, reaching 578,533 in 2024.

Permit activity has fallen for 4 consecutive years.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 16% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 1.7 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
988
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
1.7
Bottom 29% nationally
Year over year
−18%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
16.3%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024583k577k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2020202120222023202420253k1k
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−50%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 87°F and January a low of 19°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 15.0 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 50, in the Good band, and about 37 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station DENVER CENTENNIAL AP, 21.1 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND2.3"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index101.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation15.0"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low19°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high87°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 100372024 calendar year
Median air quality index50.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing42°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
50
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
101
90th percentile index
Days above 100
37
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

34 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hail, wildfire and tornado.

HailHigh
WildfireHigh
TornadoElevated
AvalancheModerate

Low or minimal exposure: lightning, winter weather, landslide, inland flooding, strong wind, earthquake, cold wave, ice storm, heat wave, volcanic activity, drought.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Jefferson County records 1.7 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 13.7 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 22.9 per 100,000 residents in Jefferson County.

Homicide
1.7
per 100,000 residents
Firearm deaths, all intents
13.7
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
22.9
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
19.3
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Jefferson County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Jefferson County rather than Jefferson County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes and full cost of living
No public source publishes either with national coverage and a method open enough to check. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

11 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 21 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
CentennialAPA21 mi10,001 ft
Rocky Mountain MetroBJC24 mi9,000 ft
Denver IntlDEN36 mi16,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
54
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.