Boulder County, CO

County Profile

328,961 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Boulder County, CO.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

57out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 41% of 1,453 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 14 sources
Opportunity760th of 1,463 counties measured54
SchoolsTop 19% of 1,377 counties measured74
GrowthTop 40% of 1,453 counties measured56
Housing affordability1,430th of 1,462 counties measured39
Climate1,459th of 1,463 counties measured42
Physical resilience839th of 1,463 counties measured53
AccessTop 18% of 1,463 counties measured94
Economic stabilityTop 6% of 1,463 counties measured91
The quick read

Unemployment is 4.0% and median household income $103,994, putting employment conditions in the middle range of counties measured.

Public schools test above most of the state: 50% of students met the mathematics standard, placing the area in the top 19% of published profiles for schools.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 2,321 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 34% on the prior year.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
328,961
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$103,994
Top 4% nationally
Density
453/sq mi
726.4 sq mi of land
Median age
37.7
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Boulder County
Colorado
Metro area
Nearest major airport
BJC
20 mi · Rocky Mountain Metro
Median home value
$756,300
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.0%, lower than in 53% of the 1,467 measured US counties.

Employment fell 2.4% over the past year, to 178,141 employed residents.

64% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 99% of measured US counties.

Median household income of $103,994 is higher than in 96% of measured US counties.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023$98,09092nd percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023$88,34792nd percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$2,2682024 ACS 5-Year$103,994Top 4%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,6172024 ACS 5-Year$62,436Top 2%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income2023$101,124Top 3%of 1,3892023
Poverty rate ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year7.2%Top 9%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±0.5 min2024 ACS 5-Year24.2 minTop 39%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year64.2%Top 1%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year52.8%2nd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentJuly 2026178,141Top 14%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (3 years)July 2026−4.2%Bottom 9%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (year over year)July 2026−2.4%Bottom 15%of 1,467July 2026
Labor forceJuly 2026185,61486th percentileof 1,467July 2026
Labor force participation ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year84.2%Top 9%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Public transit to work ±0.4%2024 ACS 5-Year2.6%96th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026−0.1%Bottom 43%of 1,467July 2026
Unemployment rateJuly 20264.0%Top 47%of 1,467July 2026
Worked from home ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year31.2%99th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Unemployment rate

2021/072022/072023/072024/072025/072026/074.82.4
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.0% in July 2026. It has been holding roughly steady, over a series running from 2020-01 to 2026-07. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.

Median household income, successive ACS releases

2021202220232024104k92k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $103,994 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

Largest occupations — Boulder, CO

OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Software Developers7,130$164,560
Fast Food and Counter Workers4,880$36,190
Retail Salespersons4,880$38,700
Business Operations Specialists, All Other3,610$94,040
Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel3,230$99,990
Registered Nurses3,140$103,290

Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

50% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 62% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 17.3 students for every full-time teacher across 81 public schools, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
82
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
17.3
across 81 of them
Math proficiency
49.7%
Top 10% in Colorado
Reading proficiency
62.1%
Top 14% in Colorado
The 12 largest of 82 public schools, by enrollment.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Boulder High SchoolBoulder Valley School District No. Re21,93921.366%81%
Fairview High SchoolBoulder Valley School District No. Re21,86323.379%89%
Centaurus High SchoolBoulder Valley School District No. Re21,55720.055%70%
Niwot High SchoolSt. Vrain Valley School District No. Re1J1,50923.656%69%
Peak to Peak Charter School · charterBoulder Valley School District No. Re21,44717.961%75%
Monarch High SchoolBoulder Valley School District No. Re21,43122.474%89%
Longmont High SchoolSt. Vrain Valley School District No. Re1J1,26820.536%55%
Silver Creek High SchoolSt. Vrain Valley School District No. Re1J1,20823.251%78%
Skyline High SchoolSt. Vrain Valley School District No. Re1J1,08218.725%40%
Twin Peaks Classical Academy · charterSt. Vrain Valley School District No. Re1J87915.446%58%
Timberline PK-8St. Vrain Valley School District No. Re1J76213.912%21%
Meadowlark SchoolBoulder Valley School District No. Re274719.241%59%

33.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Colorado’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

Prices for everything a household buys run about 1% above the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 100.6, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Boulder, CO Metro Area is up 23% over five years, but down 2.3% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $3,998 a year in real estate taxes, about 0.53% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $2,124, some 8% above the $1,966 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $2,124 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $85,000 a year, about 82% of the median household income here of $103,994.

The typical renter household here spends 35% of its income on rent, above the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,966 a month.

A median home at $756,300 costs 5.3 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $141,555, well above the historic benchmark, at a level conventionally described as seriously unaffordable.

Cost of living
100.6

Prices here run about 1% above the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Published for the Boulder, CO Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.

Rent as a share of income
35.0%
Above the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
5.3×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$2,124
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$1,966
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$756,300
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Boulder County’s median household income of $103,994, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living indexthe Boulder, CO Metro Area’s figure2023100.6Bottom 24%of 8872023
Home price change (1 year)the Boulder, CO Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2−2.3%1st percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the Boulder, CO Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+22.5%4th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the Boulder, CO Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+69.8%15th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.22024 ACS 5-Year5.3Bottom 3%of 3,2172024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year62.0%10th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±1212024 ACS 5-Year144,72993rd percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$1,795Bottom 5%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$2,820Bottom 5%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$2,124Bottom 5%of 1,423FY2026
Median gross rent ±$302024 ACS 5-Year$1,966Bottom 2%of 3,2152024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$14,3242024 ACS 5-Year$756,30099th percentileof 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$652024 ACS 5-Year$3,99893rd percentileof 3,1722024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$3,3462024 ACS 5-Year$141,555Top 2%of 3,2182024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.01%2024 ACS 5-Year0.53%20th percentileof 3,1262024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year35.0%Bottom 4%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±3272024 ACS 5-Year1,91684th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year1.3%32nd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year4.0%8th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±7712024 ACS 5-Year7,72187th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.

Development Momentum

56/ 100
Top 40% of 1,453 published county profiles
Permitting has been rising for the last 3 years of a series running from 2022 to 2025. That is the direction of the recent run. The chart below compares the first year with the last, which can point the other way.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has been broadly flat since 2020, at 330,262 in 2024.

Permit activity rose in each of the 3 calendar years through 2025.

80% of the 2,321 units permitted over the past twelve months are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses.

Federal tax returns show Boulder County lost about 0.5% of its residents through moves within the US in the most recent year, counting those who arrived against those who left. Households that moved in reported an average income of $98,090, above the $88,347 of households that moved out.

At 7.1 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US counties.

Units permitted
2,321
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
7.1
Top 16% nationally
Year over year
+34%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
79.8%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

20202021202220232024331k327k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been rising for the last 3 years, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

People moving in and out

Net migration
−0.5%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
54%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$98,090
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$88,347
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Weld County, CO 1,446 people · 7.7% of arrivals
  2. Denver County, CO 1,376 people · 7.3% of arrivals
  3. Adams County, CO 1,143 people · 6.1% of arrivals
  4. Jefferson County, CO 1,103 people · 5.8% of arrivals
  5. Larimer County, CO 1,040 people · 5.5% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Weld County, CO 2,735 people · 14% of departures
  2. Denver County, CO 1,480 people · 7.3% of departures
  3. Larimer County, CO 1,464 people · 7.2% of departures
  4. Adams County, CO 1,396 people · 6.9% of departures
  5. Jefferson County, CO 1,372 people · 6.8% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

Housing units permitted per year

20222023202420252k2k
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+23%).

Weather & climate

1 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 68°F and January a low of 12°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 33.9 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 49, in the Good band, and about 10 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station BOULDER 14 W, 8.6 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND4.8"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year772024 calendar year
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals33.9"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals12°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals68°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals11991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year102024 calendar year
Median air quality index2024 calendar year492024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals36°F1991-2020 Normals

Air quality

Median air quality index
49
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
77
90th percentile index
Days above 100
10
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

53 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, wildfire and tornado, with inland flooding alone responsible for 55% of it.

HailElevated
WildfireHigh
TornadoElevated
Inland floodingModerate
AvalancheModerate
EarthquakeModerate

Low or minimal exposure: lightning, winter weather, landslide, strong wind, ice storm, cold wave, volcanic activity, heat wave, drought, tsunami, hurricane, coastal flooding.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Boulder County has a modeled homicide rate of about 2.2 per 100,000 residents a year, because the CDC suppresses counts this small, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 8.9 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 13.8 per 100,000 residents in Boulder County.

Homicide
2.2
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
8.9
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
13.8
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
18.4
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Boulder County as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

13 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Rocky Mountain Metro at 20 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±0.4%2024 ACS 5-Year95.7%Top 1%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle20 miTop 24%of 1,463NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle13Top 1%of 1,463NASR current cycle
No internet access ±0.3%2024 ACS 5-Year2.3%Top 1%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Rocky Mountain MetroBJC20 mi9,000 ft
Northern Colorado RgnlFNL32 mi8,500 ft
Denver IntlDEN42 mi16,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
57
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
Housing, IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar year
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

ZIP areas

Only ZIP areas whose income or home value differ from their city’s by at least ten percent get a profile of their own, so this is a selection rather than every ZIP code in the county.