Boulder, CO

Metro Area Profile

328,961 residents. Jobs, income, development, climate and physical risk across the Boulder, CO metropolitan area.

56out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 23% of 379 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 50% of 379 published metros55
GrowthTop 38% of 821 published metros58
Housing affordability799th of 822 published metros54
Climate819th of 822 published metros42
Physical resilience440th of 822 published metros53
AccessTop 18% of 822 published metros94
Economic stabilityTop 8% of 822 published metros85
The quick read

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 2,321 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 34% on the prior year.

Buying strains local incomes far more than renting does — the median home is 7.3 times median household income, against a historic benchmark near three — while rent takes 23% of it.

A major airport is 20 miles away, giving the area unusually direct access to the national air network.

At a glance

Population
328,961
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$103,994
Top 2% nationally
Density
453/sq mi
726.4 sq mi of land
Median age
37.7
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Metro area
Boulder, CO
Nearest major airport
BJC
20 mi · Rocky Mountain Metro
Median home value
$756,300
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.0% is lower than 60% of the 379 measured US metros.

Employment fell 3.1% over the past year, to 177,147 employed residents.

64% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 100% of measured US metros.

Household income is higher than at least 98% of measured US metros.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$2,268$103,994Top 2%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,617$62,436Top 1%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate11.2%Bottom 26%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute24.2 minTop 49%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher64.2%Top 1%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment177,147Top 37%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-4.8%Bottom 6%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-3.1%Bottom 8%June 2026
Labor force184,462Top 38%June 2026
Labor force participation66.9%Top 10%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$91,760Top 1%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$69,580Top 1%2025 OEWS
Metro employment192,390Top 30%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.1%Bottom 43%June 2026
Unemployment rate4.0%Bottom 40%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/065.52.3
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.0% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Largest occupations — Boulder, CO
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Software Developers7,130$164,560
Fast Food and Counter Workers4,880$36,190
Retail Salespersons4,880$38,700
Business Operations Specialists, All Other3,610$94,040
Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel3,230$99,990
Registered Nurses3,140$103,290

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,966 takes 23% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 7.3 times median household income here, well above the historic benchmark, at a level conventionally described as seriously unaffordable.

Rent as a share of income
22.7%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
7.3×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,966
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$756,300
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income7.27Top 2%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate62.0%Bottom 13%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±121144,729Top 18%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$30$1,966Top 2%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$14,324$756,300Top 2%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income22.7%Top 9%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate5.3%Bottom 4%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
58/ 100
Top 38% of 821 published city profiles
Permitting is increasing, measured from 2024 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has been broadly flat since 2020, at 330,262 in 2024.

80% of recently permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses.

At 7.1 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US metros.

Units permitted
2,321
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
7.1
Top 14% nationally
Year over year
+34%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
79.8%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024331k327k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.

Weather & climate

1 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 68°F and January a low of 12°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 33.9 inches.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station BOULDER 14 W, 8.6 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.8"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation33.9"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low12°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high68°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months11991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing36°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

53 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, wildfire and tornado.

HailElevated
WildfireHigh
TornadoElevated
Inland floodingModerate
AvalancheModerate
EarthquakeModerate

Low or minimal exposure: lightning, winter weather, landslide, strong wind, ice storm, cold wave, volcanic activity, heat wave, drought.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. This value is the population-weighted mean of all component counties; expected annual loss is their sum. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

13 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 20 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Rocky Mountain MetroBJC20 mi9,000 ft
Northern Colorado RgnlFNL32 mi8,500 ft
Denver IntlDEN42 mi16,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
56
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.