Roanoke County, VA

County Profile

97,023 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Roanoke County, VA.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

70out of 100
Area Score
Top 21% of 1,225 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 42% of 1,255 counties59
SchoolsTop 9% of 973 counties83
Growth999th of 1,226 counties32
Housing affordabilityTop 42% of 1,255 counties95
ClimateTop 16% of 1,254 counties77
Physical resilienceTop 13% of 1,255 counties86
Access1186th of 1,255 counties42
Economic stabilityTop 22% of 1,255 counties81
The quick read

Unemployment is 3.7% and median household income $83,709, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published profiles.

Residential permitting has slowed: 172 units authorized over the past twelve months, 46% below the prior year.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published profiles, placing Roanoke County in the top 13% for physical resilience.

At a glance

Population
97,023
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$83,709
Top 14% nationally
Density
387/sq mi
250.5 sq mi of land
Median age
43.5
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Roanoke County
Virginia
Metro area
Roanoke, VA
Nearest major airport
GSO
86 mi · Piedmont Triad Intl
Median home value
$286,000
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.7% is lower than 70% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 1.7% over the past year, to 47,301 employed residents.

37% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 88% of measured US locations.

Household income is higher than at least 86% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$2,594$83,709Top 14%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,493$45,801Top 11%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate7.3%Bottom 8%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute23.2 minBottom 33%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher37.1%Top 12%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment47,301Top 46%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-2.6%Bottom 16%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.7%Bottom 25%June 2026
Labor force49,106Top 46%June 2026
Labor force participation60.9%Top 39%2024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)0.5%Top 27%June 2026
Unemployment rate3.7%Bottom 30%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/063.92.2
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.7% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202484k75k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $83,709 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Roanoke, VA
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Registered Nurses4,670$80,090
Retail Salespersons4,230$30,440
Fast Food and Counter Workers3,610$27,720
Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators3,560$44,900
Cashiers3,380$29,060
Stockers and Order Fillers3,260$34,890

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

69% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 75% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 14.2 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
26
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
14.2
across all schools here
Math proficiency
69.2%
Top 10% in Virginia
Reading proficiency
75.1%
Top 15% in Virginia
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
William Byrd HighRoanoke County Public Schools1,13415.5
Cave Spring HighRoanoke County Public Schools1,04615.6
Northside HighRoanoke County Public Schools91915.1
Hidden Valley HighRoanoke County Public Schools83215.4
William Byrd MiddleRoanoke County Public Schools80213.872%72%
Cave Spring MiddleRoanoke County Public Schools74614.182%82%
Northside MiddleRoanoke County Public Schools64813.877%67%
Glenvar HighRoanoke County Public Schools62016.3
Burlington ElementaryRoanoke County Public Schools53014.748%60%
Cave Spring ElementaryRoanoke County Public Schools48915.877%82%
W.E. Cundiff ElementaryRoanoke County Public Schools48613.169%72%
Green Valley ElementaryRoanoke County Public Schools48314.263%75%

48.5% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Virginia’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,224 takes 18% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.4 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
17.5%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.4×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,224
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$286,000
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.42Top 34%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate75.7%Top 44%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±4642,331Top 20%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$52$1,224Top 16%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$5,167$286,000Top 22%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income17.5%Top 43%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate6.2%Bottom 10%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
32/ 100
Ranks 999 of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has been broadly flat since 2020, at 97,334 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 1.8 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
172
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
1.8
Bottom 31% nationally
Year over year
−46%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202497k97k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2022202320242025360114
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+41%).

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 88°F and January a low of 29°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 42.8 inches, including 14.8 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 39, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station ROANOKE RGNL AP, 12.0 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index54.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation42.8"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall14.8"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low29°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high88°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index39.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing40°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
39
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
54
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

86 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hurricane, lightning and landslide.

LandslideModerate
LightningModerate
HurricaneModerate

Low or minimal exposure: strong wind, inland flooding, winter weather, avalanche, earthquake, cold wave, hail, wildfire, ice storm, tornado, drought, heat wave.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Roanoke County records 4.9 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 14.4 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 16.5 per 100,000 residents in Roanoke County.

Homicide
4.9
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
14.4
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
16.5
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
22.7
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Roanoke County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Roanoke County rather than Roanoke County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 86 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Piedmont Triad IntlGSO86 mi10,001 ft
Raleigh-Durham IntlRDU127 mi10,000 ft
Tri-CitiesTRI136 mi8,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
70
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.