Roanoke, VA

Metro Area Profile

314,986 residents. Jobs, income, development, climate and physical risk across the Roanoke, VA metropolitan area.

62out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 44% of 379 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity245th of 379 published metros49
Growth584th of 821 published metros37
Housing affordability465th of 822 published metros92
ClimateTop 13% of 822 published metros77
Physical resilienceTop 25% of 822 published metros72
Access748th of 822 published metros45
Economic stabilityTop 45% of 822 published metros55
The quick read

Unemployment is 3.9% and median household income $68,761, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published metro profiles.

Residential permitting has slowed: 994 units authorized over the past twelve months, 24% below the prior year.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published metro profiles, placing Roanoke in the top 25% for physical resilience.

At a glance

Population
314,986
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$68,761
Top 44% nationally
Density
169/sq mi
1867.6 sq mi of land
Median age
42.8
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Metro area
Roanoke, VA
Nearest major airport
GSO
82 mi · Piedmont Triad Intl
Median home value
$251,400
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.9% is lower than 66% of the 379 measured US metros.

Employment fell 1.7% over the past year, to 149,786 employed residents.

31% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 71% of measured US metros.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$1,429$68,761Top 44%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$956$40,698Top 26%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate11.9%Bottom 33%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute24.1 minBottom 49%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher31.3%Top 29%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment149,786Top 41%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-2.3%Bottom 16%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.7%Bottom 24%June 2026
Labor force155,892Top 41%June 2026
Labor force participation59.5%Bottom 46%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$60,590Bottom 48%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$47,140Bottom 43%2025 OEWS
Metro employment153,980Top 39%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)0.5%Top 24%June 2026
Unemployment rate3.9%Bottom 34%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/064.62.4
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.9% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Largest occupations — Roanoke, VA
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Registered Nurses4,670$80,090
Retail Salespersons4,230$30,440
Fast Food and Counter Workers3,610$27,720
Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators3,560$44,900
Cashiers3,380$29,060
Stockers and Order Fillers3,260$34,890

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,043 takes 18% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.7 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
18.2%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.7×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,043
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$251,400
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.66Top 35%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate68.6%Bottom 42%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±214148,424Top 17%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$23$1,043Top 39%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$4,599$251,400Top 35%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income18.2%Top 50%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate11.4%Top 50%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
37/ 100
Ranks 584 of 821 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2024 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has been broadly flat since 2020, at 315,749 in 2024.

At 3.2 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US metros.

Units permitted
994
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
3.2
Top 41% nationally
Year over year
−24%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
45.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024316k314k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 88°F and January a low of 29°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 42.8 inches, including 14.8 inches of snow.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station ROANOKE RGNL AP, 2.6 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation42.8"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall14.8"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low29°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high88°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing40°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

72 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, cold wave and hurricane.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 84% of measured US metros.

HurricaneModerate
Inland floodingModerate
LightningModerate
Cold waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: landslide, strong wind, earthquake, winter weather, avalanche, hail, ice storm, tornado, heat wave, drought, wildfire.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. This value is the population-weighted mean of all component counties; expected annual loss is their sum. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 82 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Piedmont Triad IntlGSO82 mi10,001 ft
Raleigh-Durham IntlRDU117 mi10,000 ft
Richmond IntlRIC145 mi9,003 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
62
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.