Bell County, TX

County Profile

386,897 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Bell County, TX.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

64out of 100
Area Score
Top 44% of 1,225 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity880th of 1,255 counties45
Schools639th of 973 counties38
GrowthTop 22% of 1,226 counties65
Housing affordability824th of 1,255 counties87
ClimateTop 47% of 1,254 counties69
Physical resilienceTop 17% of 1,255 counties83
Access879th of 1,255 counties71
Economic stabilityTop 44% of 1,255 counties66
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable published profiles: unemployment is 5.5% and the Opportunity signal places Bell County in the bottom 30%.

In the public schools here, 37% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 15.2 students for every teacher.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published profiles, placing Bell County in the top 17% for physical resilience.

At a glance

Population
386,897
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$68,865
Top 40% nationally
Density
367/sq mi
1053.8 sq mi of land
Median age
32.3
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Bell County
Texas
Metro area
Killeen-Temple, TX
Nearest major airport
CNW
48 mi · Tstc Waco
Median home value
$241,000
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 5.5% is lower than 12% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 1.1% over the past year, to 158,591 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$1,892$68,865Top 40%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$732$34,279Bottom 47%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate14.5%Top 43%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute25.7 minTop 50%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher27.2%Top 31%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment158,591Top 18%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)2.6%Top 23%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.1%Bottom 40%June 2026
Labor force167,903Top 17%June 2026
Labor force participation65.3%Top 17%2024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)0.8%Top 14%June 2026
Unemployment rate5.5%Top 12%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/066.13.8
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 5.5% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202469k58k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $68,865 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Killeen-Temple, TX
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers7,120$26,530
Registered Nurses5,340$93,440
Stockers and Order Fillers3,970$36,560
Retail Salespersons3,870$29,970
General and Operations Managers3,650$87,920
Cashiers3,250$28,610

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

37% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 39% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 15.2 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
108
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
15.2
across all schools here
Math proficiency
37.5%
Bottom 37% in Texas
Reading proficiency
39.1%
Bottom 37% in Texas
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
TEMPLE H STEMPLE ISD2,32013.8
LAKE BELTON H SBELTON ISD2,30015.8
HARKER HEIGHTS H SKILLEEN ISD2,19217.4
ROBERT M SHOEMAKER H SKILLEEN ISD2,16517.7
KILLEEN H SKILLEEN ISD2,08317.5
CHAPARRAL H SKILLEEN ISD2,03117.8
BELTON H SBELTON ISD1,76313.8
C E ELLISON H SKILLEEN ISD1,76116.9
ROY J SMITH MIDDLEKILLEEN ISD1,13517.548%37%
KILLEEN ELKILLEEN ISD1,09114.9
THOMAS ARNOLD ELSALADO ISD1,07317.039%51%
NOLAN MIDDLEKILLEEN ISD1,06818.454%62%

56.8% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Texas’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,224 takes 21% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.5 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
21.3%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.5×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,224
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$241,000
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.50Top 31%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate56.5%Bottom 4%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±180155,018Top 6%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$19$1,224Top 16%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$4,317$241,000Top 30%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income21.3%Top 14%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate8.2%Bottom 20%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
65/ 100
Top 22% of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 7% since 2020, reaching 399,578 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before.

Population is still rising, but more slowly than in the preceding year.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 11% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 7.2 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
2,789
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
7.2
Top 16% nationally
Year over year
−14%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
11.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024400k372k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2020202120222023202420254k3k
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−11%).

Weather & climate

6 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 95°F and January a low of 36°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 37.0 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 46, in the Good band, and about 5 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station STILLHOUSE HOLLOW DAM, 2.8 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.8"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index70.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation37.0"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall0.0"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low36°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high95°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months61991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10052024 calendar year
Median air quality index46.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing36°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
46
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
70
90th percentile index
Days above 100
5
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

83 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are cold wave, hail and hurricane.

HailHigh
Cold waveModerate
WildfireModerate
HurricaneModerate

Low or minimal exposure: tornado, lightning, winter weather, heat wave, inland flooding, strong wind, ice storm, drought, landslide, earthquake.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Bell County records 6.1 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, higher than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 18.3 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 13.0 per 100,000 residents in Bell County.

Homicide
6.1
per 100,000 residents
Firearm deaths, all intents
18.3
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
13.0
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
18.6
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Bell County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Bell County rather than Bell County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

2 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 48 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Tstc WacoCNW48 mi8,600 ft
Austin-Bergstrom IntlAUS60 mi12,250 ft
San Antonio IntlSAT120 mi8,505 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
64
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.