Imperial, California

Area Profile

21,430 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Imperial, in Imperial County.

44out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 7% of 4,196 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 16 sources
Opportunity3,282nd of 4,199 cities measured43
SchoolsTop 48% of 4,162 cities measured51
Growth3,172nd of 4,224 cities measured37
Housing affordabilityTop 40% of 4,218 cities measured70
Climate3,830th of 4,225 cities measured57
Physical resilience4,104th of 4,226 cities measured9
Access3,843rd of 4,226 cities measured67
Economic stability3,165th of 4,226 cities measured43
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable cities measured: unemployment is 19.7% and the Opportunity signal places Imperial in the bottom 22%. The unemployment rate is published for Imperial County, CA, which contains Imperial, rather than for Imperial alone.

In the public schools here, 40% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 22.6 students for every teacher.

Residential permitting has slowed: 5 units authorized over the past twelve months, against 8 the year before.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
21,430
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$90,195
Top 24% nationally
Density
3,398/sq mi
6.3 sq mi of land
Median age
31.3
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
California
Metro area
Nearest major airport
NYL
58 mi · Yuma MCAS/Yuma Intl
Median home value
$360,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment across Imperial County, CA, which contains Imperial, is 19.7% — higher than in all but 1% of the 4,226 measured US cities.

Employment across Imperial County, CA, which contains Imperial, fell 1.5% over the past year, to 58,966 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsImperial County, CA’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$44,7222nd percentileof 4,101filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftImperial County, CA’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$47,9094th percentileof 4,101filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$7,7572024 ACS 5-Year$90,195Top 24%of 29,2232024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$3,1402024 ACS 5-Year$29,877Bottom 36%of 31,4202024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate ±5%2024 ACS 5-Year12.8%Bottom 42%of 31,7732024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±1.8 min2024 ACS 5-Year20.2 minTop 18%of 31,5432024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year22.7%Top 44%of 31,9192024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±6%2024 ACS 5-Year79.1%57th percentileof 31,4332024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentImperial County, CA’s figureJuly 202658,966Top 50%of 4,226July 2026
Employment change (3 years)Imperial County, CA’s figureJuly 2026+2.5%Top 16%of 4,226July 2026
Employment change (year over year)Imperial County, CA’s figureJuly 2026−1.5%Bottom 33%of 4,226July 2026
Labor forceImperial County, CA’s figureJuly 202673,41052nd percentileof 4,226July 2026
Labor force participation ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year75.8%Bottom 42%of 31,5132024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wageEl Centro, CA Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS$61,630Bottom 21%of 3,7292025 OEWS
Median annual wageEl Centro, CA Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS$45,140Bottom 7%of 3,7292025 OEWS
Public transit to work ±0.3%2024 ACS 5-Year0.0%1st percentileof 31,4332024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)Imperial County, CA’s figureJuly 2026+0.3%Bottom 25%of 4,226July 2026
Unemployment rateImperial County, CA’s figureJuly 202619.7%Bottom 1%of 4,226July 2026
Worked from home ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year7.5%49th percentileof 31,4332024 ACS 5-Year

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202490k82k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $90,195 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

Largest occupations — El Centro, CA

OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Home Health and Personal Care Aides8,020$34,320
Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse3,350$35,140
Cashiers1,960$35,090
Retail Salespersons1,900$35,490
Fast Food and Counter Workers1,630$38,840
Stockers and Order Fillers1,360$39,450

Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes city-level labor data only for places of 25,000 or more. This is the figure for Imperial County, CA, which contains this city.

40% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 64% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 22.6 students for every full-time teacher across 6 public schools, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
6
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
22.6
across all schools here
Math proficiency
40.2%
Top 46% in California
Reading proficiency
63.5%
Top 26% in California
All 6 public schools on record, largest first.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Imperial HighImperial Unified1,43923.236%75%
Frank M. Wright MiddleImperial Unified1,11622.841%60%
Ben Hulse ElementaryImperial Unified83822.642%54%
Imperial Cross ElementaryImperial Unified76022.4——
T. L. Waggoner ElementaryImperial Unified61321.946%56%
Imperial Ave. Holbrook HighImperial Unified2814.0——

56.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against California’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

Prices for everything a household buys run at about the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 100.2, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the El Centro, CA Metro Area is up 47% over five years, and up 3.8% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $3,605 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.00% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,362, some 9% above the $1,255 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,362 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $54,500 a year, about 60% of the median household income here of $90,195.

The typical renter household here spends 29% of its income on rent, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,255 a month.

A median home at $360,900 costs 3.5 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $104,400, above the historic benchmark of about 3 times income.

Cost of living
100.2

Prices here run at about the national average. Where places do differ, housing drives most of it — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Published for the El Centro, CA Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.

Rent as a share of income
28.8%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.5×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$1,362
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$1,255
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$360,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Imperial’s median household income of $90,195, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living indexthe El Centro, CA Metro Area’s figure2023100.2Top 44%of 3,7002023
Home price change (1 year)the El Centro, CA Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+3.8%63rd percentileof 4,1542026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the El Centro, CA Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+46.9%68th percentileof 4,1542026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the El Centro, CA Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+104.2%69th percentileof 4,1542026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.32024 ACS 5-Year3.5Bottom 25%of 26,8152024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±8%2024 ACS 5-Year69.5%37th percentileof 31,7172024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±5182024 ACS 5-Year6,73291st percentileof 32,1772024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$1,038Top 25%of 4,072FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,845Top 36%of 4,072FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$1,362Top 33%of 4,072FY2026
Median gross rent ±$3162024 ACS 5-Year$1,255Bottom 29%of 23,1202024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$14,2092024 ACS 5-Year$360,90079th percentileof 29,1112024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$3012024 ACS 5-Year$3,60580th percentileof 26,4402024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$9,4962024 ACS 5-Year$104,400Top 24%of 27,5482024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.09%2024 ACS 5-Year1.00%52nd percentileof 20,5432024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year28.8%Bottom 47%of 22,9502024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±1952024 ACS 5-Year21294th percentileof 32,3302024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year3.1%75th percentileof 31,8952024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year8.0%55th percentileof 31,7692024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±3402024 ACS 5-Year75293rd percentileof 32,3302024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.

Development Momentum

37/ 100
Ranks 3,172 of 4,224 published city profiles
Permitting has been falling for the last 5 years of a series running from 2020 to 2025. That is the direction of the recent run. The chart below compares the first year with the last, which can point the other way.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 8% since 2020, reaching 22,102 in 2024.

Permit activity fell in each of the 5 calendar years through 2025.

New construction is predominantly single-family: of 5 units permitted over the past twelve months, none were in buildings of five or more homes.

Federal tax returns show Imperial County, which contains Imperial, lost about 0.6% of its residents through moves within the US in the most recent year, counting those who arrived against those who left. Households that moved in reported an average income of $44,722, below the $47,909 of households that moved out.

At 0.2 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
5
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
0.2
Bottom 10% nationally
Year over year
−38%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

2020202120222023202422k20k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been rising for the last 4 years, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

People moving in and out

Net migration
−0.6%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
35%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$44,722
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$47,909
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Riverside County, CA 971 people · 21% of arrivals
  2. San Diego County, CA 867 people · 19% of arrivals
  3. Yuma County, AZ 466 people · 10% of arrivals
  4. Los Angeles County, CA 298 people · 6.6% of arrivals
  5. Maricopa County, AZ 225 people · 5.0% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. San Diego County, CA 1,037 people · 19% of departures
  2. Riverside County, CA 817 people · 15% of departures
  3. Yuma County, AZ 620 people · 11% of departures
  4. Maricopa County, AZ 419 people · 7.6% of departures
  5. Los Angeles County, CA 318 people · 5.7% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. This is the figure for Imperial County, CA. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

Housing units permitted per year

2020202120222023202420251894.0
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−98%).

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 108°F and January a low of 42°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 2.4 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 63, in the Moderate band, and about 50 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

30°50°70°90°110°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station IMPERIAL CO AP, 0.5 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND0.4"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year1072024 calendar year
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals2.4"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals42°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals108°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals71991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year502024 calendar year
Median air quality index2024 calendar year632024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals39°F1991-2020 Normals

Air quality

Median air quality index
63
Moderate on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
107
90th percentile index
Days above 100
50
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

9 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are earthquake, inland flooding and heat wave, with earthquake alone responsible for 68% of it.

EarthquakeHigh
Inland floodingElevated
Heat waveModerate
Volcanic activityModerate

Low or minimal exposure: wildfire, drought, strong wind, landslide, hurricane, hail, lightning, tornado, winter weather, cold wave, ice storm, tsunami, coastal flooding, avalanche.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

Violent crime
98
per 100,000 residents · 2025 calendar year
Property crime
84
per 100,000 residents · 2025 calendar year

Below these are deaths rather than offenses, published for the county. The two measure different things and are not comparable with each other.

Imperial's police department reported 98 violent offenses per 100,000 residents, lower than most places with a department reporting. Property crime runs at 84.

Imperial County has a modeled homicide rate of about 3.2 per 100,000 residents a year, because the CDC suppresses counts this small, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at about 7.4 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 17.9 per 100,000 residents in Imperial County.

Homicide
3.2
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
7.4
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Drug overdose
17.9
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
7.3
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Offenses are reported to the FBI by Imperial’s own police department and shown only where it reported every month of the year; a partial year is withheld rather than scaled up. Reported crime is what police recorded, which is not the same as what happened. Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe the county around Imperial (Imperial County) rather than Imperial itself. Neither is part of the Area Score. How to read crime rates and death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Yuma MCAS/Yuma Intl at 58 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year91.7%Top 41%of 31,5882024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle58 miBottom 9%of 4,226NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle3Bottom 20%of 4,226NASR current cycle
No internet access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year3.8%Top 29%of 31,5882024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Yuma MCAS/Yuma IntlNYL58 mi13,300 ft
Jacqueline Cochran RgnlTRM64 mi8,500 ft
Palm Springs IntlPSP87 mi10,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

Customize your score

What matters to you?

Choose what you weight most heavily. Nothing is saved to an account — your preferences stay in this browser, and the Area Score never changes.

Area Score
44
Your Score
—

Select one or more priorities to see how this location scores against them.

Other cities in El Centro, CA

Same metropolitan area, measured the same way
CityCountyPopulationArea ScoreCompare
El CentroImperial County44,24037El Centro vs Imperial
CalexicoImperial County38,58535Calexico vs Imperial
BrawleyImperial County27,28341Brawley vs Imperial

Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.

Compare

Put Imperial side by side with a similar place.

Imperial vs RidgecrestImperial vs North Bend

Moving to Imperial from somewhere else?

You get the difference in prices, rent and weather, and the income that would keep pace.

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
SafetyFederal Bureau of Investigation, Crime Data Explorer
Summarized offense counts by law enforcement agency
2025 calendar year
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
HousingU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWS
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar year
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

ZIP codes in Imperial

1 ZIP area

Every ZIP area in Imperial with census figures of its own, largest first. The ones linked below diverge enough from the city as a whole to carry a full profile; the rest track Imperial closely, so their figures are here rather than on a page that would repeat this one. An Area Score is calculated for published profiles only, which is why it is blank on those rows.

ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeMedian home valueArea Score
9225127,454$90,709$368,700—