Imperial County, CA

County Profile

180,202 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Imperial County, CA.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

37out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 1% of 1,225 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity1166th of 1,255 counties measured28
Growth915th of 1,226 counties measured36
Housing affordability1117th of 1,255 counties measured66
Climate1069th of 1,254 counties measured57
Physical resilience1228th of 1,255 counties measured9
Access1034th of 1,255 counties measured62
Economic stability1155th of 1,255 counties measured28
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable published profiles: unemployment is 17.6% and the Opportunity signal places Imperial County in the bottom 7%.

Buying strains local incomes far more than renting does — the median home is 5.4 times median household income, against a historic benchmark near three — while rent takes 22% of it.

Physical-risk exposure is above the national median, driven mainly by earthquake, inland flooding and heat wave.

At a glance

Population
180,202
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$57,681
Bottom 29% nationally
Density
43/sq mi
4175.5 sq mi of land
Median age
33.2
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Imperial County
California
Metro area
El Centro, CA
Nearest major airport
TRM
62 mi · Jacqueline Cochran Rgnl
Median home value
$309,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 17.6% is lower than 0% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 1.1% over the past year, to 60,727 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$2,564$57,681Bottom 29%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$784$23,552Bottom 6%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate19.5%Top 18%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute23.0 minBottom 32%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher16.1%Bottom 18%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Employment60,727Top 39%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (3 years)2.6%Top 23%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.1%Bottom 38%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force73,710Top 35%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force participation53.0%Bottom 24%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.8%Bottom 10%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate17.6%Top 1%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/062213
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 17.6% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202458k49k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $57,681 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — El Centro, CA
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Home Health and Personal Care Aides8,020$34,320
Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse3,350$35,140
Cashiers1,960$35,090
Retail Salespersons1,900$35,490
Fast Food and Counter Workers1,630$38,840
Stockers and Order Fillers1,360$39,450

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

There are 21.2 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
69
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
21.2
across all schools here
Math proficiency
Reading proficiency
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Calexico HighCalexico Unified2,74622.3
Central Union HighCentral Union High2,00621.1
Brawley Union HighBrawley Union High1,86323.3
Southwest HighCentral Union High1,84619.6
Imperial HighImperial Unified1,43923.2
Frank M. Wright MiddleImperial Unified1,11622.8
McCabe ElementaryMcCabe Union Elementary1,10924.1
Barbara Worth Junior HighBrawley Elementary88122.0
Ben Hulse ElementaryImperial Unified83822.6
Cesar Chavez ElementaryCalexico Unified76525.5
Imperial Cross ElementaryImperial Unified76022.4
Myron D. Witter ElementaryBrawley Elementary74123.2

77.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against California’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,056 takes 22% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 5.4 times median household income here, well above the historic benchmark, at a level conventionally described as seriously unaffordable.

Rent as a share of income
22.0%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
5.4×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,056
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$309,600
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income5.37Top 7%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate56.8%Bottom 5%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±11758,044Top 15%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$30$1,056Top 26%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$8,398$309,600Top 18%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income22.0%Top 12%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate14.5%Top 49%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
36/ 100
Ranks 915 of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing — 3 consecutive years, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 1% since 2020, reaching 181,724 in 2024.

Permit activity has fallen for 3 consecutive years.

At 1.1 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
207
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
1.1
Bottom 19% nationally
Year over year
−3%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024182k179k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2022202320242025554214
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2022 (−61%).

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 108°F and January a low of 42°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 2.4 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 63, in the Moderate band, and about 50 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

30°50°70°90°110°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station IMPERIAL CO AP, 19.3 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND0.4"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index107.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation2.4"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low42°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high108°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 100502024 calendar year
Median air quality index63.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing39°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
63
Moderate on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
107
90th percentile index
Days above 100
50
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

9 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are earthquake, inland flooding and heat wave.

EarthquakeHigh
Inland floodingElevated
Heat waveModerate
Volcanic activityModerate

Low or minimal exposure: wildfire, drought, strong wind, landslide, hurricane, hail, lightning, tornado, winter weather.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Imperial County records 3.1 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 7.3 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 17.3 per 100,000 residents in Imperial County.

Homicide
3.1
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
7.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
17.3
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
5.6
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Imperial County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Imperial County rather than Imperial County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

2 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 62 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Jacqueline Cochran RgnlTRM62 mi8,500 ft
Palm Springs IntlPSP86 mi10,000 ft
Lake Havasu CityHII120 mi8,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
37
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.