Memphis, Tennessee
Area Profile
618,980 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Memphis, in Shelby County.
How this area ranks
Data updated · 16 sourcesEmployment conditions sit below most comparable cities measured: unemployment is 5.6% and the Opportunity signal places Memphis in the bottom 4%.
1,524 housing units were authorized over the past twelve months, within 11% of the prior year — steady rather than turning. The permit count and 1 other measure here are published for Shelby County, TN, which contains Memphis, rather than for Memphis alone.
Rent takes 33% of renter income here, above the 30% threshold conventionally called cost-burdened, and the median home is 2.4 times what its owners earn.
These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.
At a glance
Jobs & opportunity
Unemployment of 5.6% — higher than in all but 11% of the 4,226 measured US cities.
Employment fell 2.0% over the past year, to 266,916 employed residents.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Income of new arrivalsShelby County, TN’s figurefiling years 2022–2023 | $59,547 | 25th percentileof 4,101 | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Income of those who leftShelby County, TN’s figurefiling years 2022–2023 | $73,591 | 53rd percentileof 4,101 | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Median household income ±$1,0722024 ACS 5-Year | $51,736 | Bottom 25%of 29,223 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per capita income ±$9332024 ACS 5-Year | $33,100 | Bottom 48%of 31,420 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Poverty rate ±0.9%2024 ACS 5-Year | 22.4% | Bottom 19%of 31,773 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Average commute ±0.3 min2024 ACS 5-Year | 22.7 min | Top 29%of 31,543 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Bachelor's degree or higher ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year | 28.0% | Top 34%of 31,919 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Drove alone to work ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year | 76.2% | 47th percentileof 31,433 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| EmploymentJuly 2026 | 266,916 | Top 28%of 4,226 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (3 years)July 2026 | −1.6% | Bottom 30%of 4,226 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (year over year)July 2026 | −2.0% | Bottom 21%of 4,226 | July 2026 |
| Labor forceJuly 2026 | 282,681 | 73rd percentileof 4,226 | July 2026 |
| Labor force participation ±0.7%2024 ACS 5-Year | 76.6% | Bottom 44%of 31,513 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Mean annual wageMemphis, TN-MS-AR Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS | $60,240 | Bottom 15%of 3,729 | 2025 OEWS |
| Median annual wageMemphis, TN-MS-AR Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS | $46,890 | Bottom 16%of 3,729 | 2025 OEWS |
| Public transit to work ±0.2%2024 ACS 5-Year | 0.8% | 83rd percentileof 31,433 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026 | −0.1% | Top 50%of 4,226 | July 2026 |
| Unemployment rateJuly 2026 | 5.6% | Bottom 11%of 4,226 | July 2026 |
| Worked from home ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 9.2% | 57th percentileof 31,433 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
Unemployment rate
Median household income, successive ACS releases
Largest occupations — Memphis, TN-MS-AR
| Occupation | People employed | Median annual wage |
|---|---|---|
| Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand | 37,750 | $39,510 |
| Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers | 19,460 | $63,070 |
| Retail Salespersons | 17,050 | $32,580 |
| Fast Food and Counter Workers | 15,320 | $27,490 |
| Registered Nurses | 13,760 | $81,500 |
| Stockers and Order Fillers | 12,200 | $37,280 |
Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.
Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
26% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 24% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.
| School | District | Students | Per teacher | Math | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bartlett High School | Bartlett | 2,782 | — | 29% | 47% |
| Cordova High School | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 2,251 | — | 10% | 20% |
| White Station High | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 2,046 | — | 26% | 56% |
| Southwind High | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 1,675 | — | 2% | 19% |
| Dexter School | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 1,509 | — | 35% | 27% |
| Whitehaven High | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 1,509 | — | 6% | 32% |
| Overton High | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 1,417 | — | 4% | 27% |
| Snowden Elementary/Middle | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 1,384 | — | 35% | 31% |
| Kingsbury High | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 1,383 | — | 8% | 19% |
| Central High | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 1,331 | — | 8% | 40% |
| White Station Middle | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 1,127 | — | 57% | 52% |
| Macon-Hall Elementary | Memphis-Shelby County Schools | 1,070 | — | 49% | 40% |
Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Tennessee’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.
Housing & affordability
How it’s calculated — housing affordability →Prices for everything a household buys run about 8% below the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 91.9, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metro Area is up 33% over five years, and up 1.8% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.
Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $1,845 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.09% of the median home value.
HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,432, some 21% above the $1,181 tenants already here pay.
At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,432 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $57,300 a year, about 111% of the median household income here of $51,736.
The typical renter household here spends 33% of its income on rent, above the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,181 a month.
A median home at $169,000 costs 2.4 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $71,785, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.
Prices here run about 8% below the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.
Published for the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.
The figures above are measured against Memphis’s median household income of $51,736, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of living indexthe Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metro Area’s figure2023 | 91.9 | Top 13%of 3,700 | 2023 |
| Home price change (1 year)the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +1.8% | 32nd percentileof 4,154 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price change (5 years)the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +33.1% | 22nd percentileof 4,154 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price change (10 years)the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +87.8% | 42nd percentileof 4,154 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price to income ±0.12024 ACS 5-Year | 2.4 | Top 46%of 26,815 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Homeownership rate ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year | 44.9% | 6th percentileof 31,717 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Housing units ±1,4022024 ACS 5-Year | 289,887 | 99th percentileof 32,177 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Market rent, one bedroomFY2026 | $1,289 | Top 44%of 4,072 | FY2026 |
| Market rent, three bedroomFY2026 | $1,892 | Top 38%of 4,072 | FY2026 |
| Market rent, two bedroomFY2026 | $1,432 | Top 36%of 4,072 | FY2026 |
| Median gross rent ±$122024 ACS 5-Year | $1,181 | Bottom 33%of 23,120 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median home value ±$3,7952024 ACS 5-Year | $169,000 | 45th percentileof 29,111 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median property taxes ±$492024 ACS 5-Year | $1,845 | 52nd percentileof 26,440 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Owner household income ±$1,9452024 ACS 5-Year | $71,785 | Bottom 40%of 27,548 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Property tax rate ±0.04%2024 ACS 5-Year | 1.09% | 57th percentileof 20,543 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Rent as a share of income ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year | 33.2% | Bottom 26%of 22,950 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Seasonal and second homes ±3382024 ACS 5-Year | 1,064 | 99th percentileof 32,330 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year | 0.4% | 55th percentileof 31,895 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year | 12.3% | 72nd percentileof 31,769 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacant housing units ±1,4482024 ACS 5-Year | 36,767 | 99th percentileof 32,330 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.
Growth & development
How it’s calculated — growth →Development Momentum
An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.
Population has fallen 3% since 2020, to 610,919 in 2024.
Federal tax returns show Shelby County, which contains Memphis, lost about 1.3% of its residents through moves within the US in the most recent year, counting those who arrived against those who left. Households that moved in reported an average income of $59,547, below the $73,591 of households that moved out.
At 1.7 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US cities. The permit rate is published for Shelby County, TN, which contains Memphis, rather than for Memphis alone.
Population, annual estimates
People moving in and out
Where newcomers came from
- DeSoto County, MS 3,385 people · 13% of arrivals
- Tipton County, TN 1,107 people · 4.4% of arrivals
- Fayette County, TN 1,012 people · 4.0% of arrivals
- Davidson County, TN 557 people · 2.2% of arrivals
- Crittenden County, AR 539 people · 2.1% of arrivals
Where people who left went
- DeSoto County, MS 4,835 people · 14% of departures
- Fayette County, TN 1,726 people · 5.0% of departures
- Tipton County, TN 1,386 people · 4.0% of departures
- Davidson County, TN 894 people · 2.6% of departures
- Crittenden County, AR 599 people · 1.7% of departures
Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. This is the figure for Shelby County, TN. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.
The Census Bureau's Building Permits Survey lists only jurisdictions that issue their own permits, and Memphis, TN is not one. This is the figure for Shelby County, TN, which contains this city.
Weather & climate
5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 92°F and January a low of 33°F.
Normal annual precipitation is 54.9 inches, including 2.7 inches of snow.
Air quality measures a median index of 55, in the Moderate band, and about 9 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.
Precipitation
| Metric | Value | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| 90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year | 74 | 2024 calendar year |
| Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals | 54.9" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Annual snowfall1991-2020 Normals | 2.7" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average January low1991-2020 Normals | 33°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average July high1991-2020 Normals | 92°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals | 5 | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year | 9 | 2024 calendar year |
| Median air quality index2024 calendar year | 55 | 2024 calendar year |
| Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals | 41°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
Air quality
A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.
Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.
Physical risk
The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are earthquake, inland flooding and tornado, with earthquake alone responsible for 39% of it. Inland flooding is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.
Low or minimal exposure: cold wave, heat wave, inland flooding, lightning, ice storm, winter weather, strong wind, wildfire, hurricane, drought, hail, avalanche, coastal flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity.
Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.
Below these are deaths rather than offenses, published for the county. The two measure different things and are not comparable with each other.
Memphis's police department reported 1,853 violent offenses per 100,000 residents, higher than most places with a department reporting. Property crime runs at 5,029.
Shelby County records 20.9 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, higher than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.
Firearm deaths of all intents run at 28.8 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.
Drug overdose deaths run at 30.0 per 100,000 residents in Shelby County.
Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.
Offenses are reported to the FBI by Memphis’s own police department and shown only where it reported every month of the year; a partial year is withheld rather than scaled up. Reported crime is what police recorded, which is not the same as what happened. Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe the county around Memphis (Shelby County) rather than Memphis itself. Neither is part of the Area Score. How to read crime rates and death rates.
What this profile does not cover
Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.
- Taxes
- Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
- Anything about a specific address
- Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.
Access
4 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Frederick W Smith Intl/Memphis at 5 miles.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broadband access ±0.7%2024 ACS 5-Year | 87.5% | Bottom 40%of 31,588 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Distance to major airportNASR current cycle | 5 mi | Top 8%of 4,226 | NASR current cycle |
| Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle | 4 | Bottom 38%of 4,226 | NASR current cycle |
| No internet access ±0.5%2024 ACS 5-Year | 9.3% | Bottom 41%of 31,588 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Airport | Code | Distance | Longest runway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frederick W Smith Intl/Memphis | MEM | 5 mi | 11,120 ft |
| Millington/Memphis | NQA | 18 mi | 8,001 ft |
| Tunica Muni | UTA | 36 mi | 8,500 ft |
Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
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Other cities in Memphis, TN-MS-AR
Same metropolitan area, measured the same way| City | County | Population | Area Score | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bartlett | Shelby County | 56,876 | 63 | Bartlett vs Memphis |
| Southaven | DeSoto County | 56,226 | 60 | Southaven vs Memphis |
| Collierville | Shelby County | 51,515 | 71 | Collierville vs Memphis |
| Olive Branch | DeSoto County | 47,019 | 69 | |
| Germantown | Shelby County | 40,673 | 65 | |
| Horn Lake | DeSoto County | 26,647 | 53 | |
| West Memphis | Crittenden County | 23,929 | 43 | |
| Hernando | DeSoto County | 17,949 | 67 | |
| Arlington | Shelby County | 15,205 | 57 | |
| Lakeland | Shelby County | 14,192 | 61 | |
| Marion | Crittenden County | 13,623 | 51 | |
| Millington | Shelby County | 11,289 | 47 |
Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.
Similar places
Matched on AreaProfile signals, not geographyCompare
Put Memphis side by side with a similar place.
Moving to Memphis from somewhere else?
You get the difference in prices, rent and weather, and the income that would keep pace.
Data & methodology
| Used for | Source | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| Access | Federal Aviation Administration Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service | NASR current cycle |
| Safety | Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime Data Explorer Summarized offense counts by law enforcement agency | 2025 calendar year |
| Physical risk | Federal Emergency Management Agency National Risk Index | National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0) |
| Demographics, Income | Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county) | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Climate | NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly) | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Housing | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional price parities and county personal income | 2023 |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics | 2025 OEWS |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics | July 2026 |
| Demographics | U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program | July 1, 2024 estimate |
| Development | U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey | 12 months ending July 2026 |
| Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, Jobs | U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File) | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Safety | U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics Provisional county-level mortality by intent | March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026 |
| Schools | U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments | 2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year |
| Housing | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research Fair Market Rents | FY2026 |
| Climate | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System Daily Air Quality Index by county | 2024 calendar year |
| Housing | U.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions) | 2026 Q2 |
| Current conditions | NOAA National Weather Service National Weather Service current conditions | Live observation, read when the page opens |
Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.
ZIP codes in Memphis
25 ZIP areasEvery ZIP area in Memphis with census figures of its own, largest first. The ones linked below diverge enough from the city as a whole to carry a full profile; the rest track Memphis closely, so their figures are here rather than on a page that would repeat this one. An Area Score is calculated for published profiles only, which is why it is blank on those rows.
| ZIP | Population | Median household income | Median home value | Area Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38016 | 44,136 | $76,569 | $282,800 | 48 |
| 38134 | 43,947 | $60,622 | $207,000 | 50 |
| 38125 | 43,071 | $86,162 | $251,100 | 48 |
| 38109 | 42,452 | $37,496 | $80,400 | — |
| 38128 | 42,162 | $47,645 | $138,000 | — |
| 38111 | 41,934 | $52,589 | $190,100 | — |
| 38116 | 40,061 | $42,183 | $138,600 | — |
| 38127 | 39,541 | $36,901 | $90,300 | — |
| 38118 | 39,107 | $43,446 | $107,600 | — |
| 38018 | 38,527 | $90,004 | $293,800 | — |
| 38115 | 38,491 | $45,636 | $145,400 | — |
| 38122 | 26,021 | $48,710 | $123,000 | — |
| 38117 | 25,776 | $85,633 | $311,800 | — |
| 38141 | 23,952 | $60,817 | $157,900 | — |
| 38119 | 23,464 | $89,289 | $296,700 | — |
| 38104 | 22,634 | $58,117 | $317,200 | — |
| 38106 | 20,962 | $30,232 | $71,800 | — |
| 38114 | 20,298 | $34,206 | $82,000 | — |
| 38108 | 17,562 | $36,257 | $71,200 | — |
| 38112 | 16,809 | $55,207 | $252,100 | — |
| 38103 | 14,534 | $76,278 | $397,300 | — |
| 38107 | 13,912 | $35,265 | $152,000 | — |
| 38120 | 13,309 | $123,538 | $460,700 | — |
| 38126 | 5,946 | $30,071 | $59,300 | — |
| 38105 | 5,534 | $34,015 | $90,200 | — |