Rapid City, South Dakota

Area Profile

77,946 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Rapid City, in Pennington County.

56out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 35% of 2,944 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 24% of 3,904 published cities69
Schools2500th of 2,668 published cities16
GrowthTop 40% of 2,973 published cities56
Housing affordabilityTop 44% of 4,223 published cities84
Climate4066th of 4,223 published cities54
Physical resilience2787th of 4,182 published cities43
Access2312th of 4,226 published cities90
Economic stability2718th of 4,226 published cities53
The quick read

Rapid City ranks in the top 24% of published city profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 1.9% and median household income of $70,870.

Residential permitting has slowed: 354 units authorized over the past twelve months, 51% below the prior year.

A major airport is 8 miles away, giving the area unusually direct access to the national air network.

At a glance

Population
77,946
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$70,870
Top 45% nationally
Density
1,392/sq mi
56.0 sq mi of land
Median age
39.1
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Pennington County
South Dakota
Metro area
Rapid City, SD
Nearest major airport
RAP
8 mi · Rapid City Rgnl
Median home value
$299,400
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 1.9% is lower than 100% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment fell 1.8% over the past year, to 41,348 employed residents.

37% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 78% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$3,555$70,870Top 45%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,202$42,204Top 28%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate12.5%Top 44%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute18.7 minBottom 13%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher37.0%Top 22%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment41,348Bottom 46%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)2.2%Top 20%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.8%Bottom 23%June 2026
Labor force42,160Bottom 45%June 2026
Labor force participation63.9%Top 38%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$57,850Bottom 9%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$46,270Bottom 10%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)0.0%Bottom 45%June 2026
Unemployment rate1.9%Bottom 1%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/062.91.5
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 1.9% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202471k58k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $70,870 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Rapid City, SD
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Retail Salespersons3,090$33,350
Fast Food and Counter Workers2,860$29,440
Registered Nurses2,480$79,380
Cashiers1,980$30,460
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks1,720$46,810
Stockers and Order Fillers1,580$37,150

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

33% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 40% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 16.2 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
23
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
16.2
across all schools here
Math proficiency
32.9%
Bottom 9% in South Dakota
Reading proficiency
40.2%
Bottom 9% in South Dakota
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Central High School - 41Rapid City Area School District 51-41,99817.1
Stevens High School - 42Rapid City Area School District 51-41,77119.7
South Middle School - 36Rapid City Area School District 51-461813.722%32%
Southwest Middle School - 38Rapid City Area School District 51-461416.657%67%
East Middle School - 30Rapid City Area School District 51-461316.122%37%
Valley View Elementary - 13Rapid City Area School District 51-460517.825%32%
West Middle School - 37Rapid City Area School District 51-459115.647%47%
Rapid Valley Elementary - 12Rapid City Area School District 51-448615.736%38%
General Beadle Elementary - 01Rapid City Area School District 51-448318.612%18%
Meadowbrook Elementary - 10Rapid City Area School District 51-447817.154%59%
Corral Drive Elementary - 21Rapid City Area School District 51-443920.952%62%
Grandview Elementary - 06Rapid City Area School District 51-443116.631%43%

43.8% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against South Dakota’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,109 takes 19% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 4.2 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
18.8%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
4.2×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,109
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$299,400
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income4.22Top 24%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate62.9%Bottom 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±45935,577Top 1%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$48$1,109Top 39%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$7,825$299,400Top 28%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income18.8%Top 49%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate9.0%Bottom 47%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
56/ 100
Top 40% of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing — 2 consecutive years, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 7% since 2020, reaching 79,894 in 2024.

Population is still rising, but more slowly than in the preceding year.

At 4.5 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
354
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
4.5
Top 32% nationally
Year over year
−51%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
48.3%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202480k75k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2020202120222023202420251k326
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−64%).

Weather & climate

4 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 86°F and January a low of 13°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 17.4 inches, including 48.5 inches of snow.

0°20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station RAPID CITY RGNL AP, 8.4 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND3.5"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation17.4"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall48.5"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low13°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high86°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months41991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing48°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

43 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, wildfire and hail.

WildfireHigh
Winter weatherModerate
HailModerate
LightningModerate
LandslideModerate
Ice stormModerate
Inland floodingModerate
Heat waveModerate
Strong windModerate

Low or minimal exposure: cold wave, tornado, earthquake, drought, avalanche.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Pennington County records 6.8 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, higher than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 22.4 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 8.6 per 100,000 residents in Pennington County.

Homicide
6.8
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
22.4
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
8.6
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
33.6
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Pennington County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Rapid City rather than Rapid City itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 8 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Rapid City RgnlRAP8 mi8,701 ft
Alliance MuniAIA141 mi9,203 ft
Scottsbluff/Western Nebraska Rgnl/Wm B Heilig FldBFF153 mi8,279 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

Customize your score

What matters to you?

Choose what you weight most heavily. Nothing is saved to an account — your preferences stay in this browser, and the Area Score never changes.

Area Score
56
Your Score

Select one or more priorities to see how this location scores against them.

Other cities in Rapid City, SD

Same metropolitan area, measured the same way
CityCountyPopulationArea ScoreCompare
Box ElderMeade County12,90256vs Rapid City

Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Rapid City

3 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
5770145,795$56,46153
5770235,595$91,45766
5770318,013$83,73960