Lawrence County, SD

County Profile

27,233 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Lawrence County, SD.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

63out of 100
Area Score
Top 47% of 1,225 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 6% of 1,255 counties measured83
Schools516th of 973 counties measured48
GrowthTop 11% of 1,226 counties measured73
Housing affordability947th of 1,255 counties measured81
Climate1066th of 1,254 counties measured58
Physical resilience1049th of 1,255 counties measured31
Access898th of 1,255 counties measured70
Economic stability660th of 1,255 counties measured60
The quick read

Lawrence County ranks in the top 6% of published profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 1.9% and median household income of $73,384.

In the public schools here, 45% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 13.2 students for every teacher.

Physical-risk exposure is above the national median, driven mainly by inland flooding, wildfire and hail.

At a glance

Population
27,233
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$73,384
Top 29% nationally
Density
34/sq mi
800.1 sq mi of land
Median age
44.8
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Lawrence County
South Dakota
Metro area
Spearfish, SD
Nearest major airport
RAP
43 mi · Rapid City Rgnl
Median home value
$346,500
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 1.9% is lower than 100% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment grew 0.8% over the past year, to 15,759 employed residents.

33% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 82% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$4,448$73,384Top 29%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$3,489$44,386Top 14%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate11.6%Bottom 36%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute20.8 minBottom 18%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher32.9%Top 18%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Employment15,759Bottom 14%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (3 years)1.7%Top 32%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (year over year)0.8%Top 18%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force16,059Bottom 13%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force participation63.7%Top 24%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.1%Bottom 39%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate1.9%Bottom 1%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/062.81.4
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 1.9% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202473k56k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $73,384 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

45% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 53% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 13.2 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
14
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
13.2
across all schools here
Math proficiency
45.3%
Bottom 36% in South Dakota
Reading proficiency
52.6%
Bottom 45% in South Dakota
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Spearfish High School - 01Spearfish School District 40-278717.1
Creekside Elementary - 07Spearfish School District 40-255315.853%60%
Spearfish Middle School - 05Spearfish School District 40-254515.142%47%
West Elementary - 03Spearfish School District 40-232210.7
Lead-Deadwood Elementary - 03Lead-Deadwood School District 40-12439.038%41%
Lead-Deadwood High School - 01Lead-Deadwood School District 40-121111.1
Mountain View Elementary - 08Spearfish School District 40-216812.0
Lead-Deadwood Middle School - 02Lead-Deadwood School District 40-11399.935%47%
Whitewood Elementary - 04Meade School District 46-113813.850%70%
Lead-Deadwood Career & Technical Education - 10Lead-Deadwood School District 40-1549.0
Spearfish Academy at Canyon Hills High School - 10Spearfish School District 40-2217.0
Spearfish Academy at Canyon Hills Elementary - 09Spearfish School District 40-221.0

21.6% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against South Dakota’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $938 takes 15% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 4.7 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
15.3%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
4.7×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$938
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$346,500
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income4.72Top 11%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate65.1%Bottom 15%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±4014,840Top 45%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$79$938Top 39%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$16,964$346,500Top 14%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income15.3%Bottom 30%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate18.8%Top 31%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
73/ 100
Top 11% of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is increasing, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 11% since 2020, reaching 28,809 in 2024.

Permitting has turned upward after moving the other way the year before.

Population is still rising, but more slowly than in the preceding year.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 2% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 10.4 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
283
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
10.4
Top 7% nationally
Year over year
+13%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
1.8%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202429k26k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2022202320242025390217
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2022 (−35%).

Weather & climate

4 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 82°F and January a low of 18°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 31.8 inches, including 183.9 inches of snow.

10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station LEAD, 3.2 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.9"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation31.8"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall183.9"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low18°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high82°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months41991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing41°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

31 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, wildfire and hail.

WildfireHigh
Winter weatherModerate
HailElevated
LightningModerate
LandslideModerate
Strong windElevated
Inland floodingElevated
AvalancheModerate

Low or minimal exposure: cold wave, earthquake, tornado, heat wave, drought, ice storm.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Lawrence County records 0.0 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 35.6 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 7.9 per 100,000 residents in Lawrence County.

Homicide
0.0
per 100,000 residents
Firearm deaths, all intents
35.6
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
7.9
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
35.6
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Lawrence County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Lawrence County rather than Lawrence County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes and full cost of living
No public source publishes either with national coverage and a method open enough to check. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 43 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Rapid City RgnlRAP43 mi8,701 ft
Sheridan CountySHR159 mi8,301 ft
Casper/Natrona County IntlCPR166 mi10,165 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
63
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

Cities in Lawrence County, SD