Gaffney, South Carolina

Area Profile

12,596 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Gaffney, in Cherokee County.

51out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 18% of 2,944 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity3634th of 3,904 published cities31
Schools2043rd of 2,668 published cities31
GrowthTop 30% of 2,973 published cities62
Housing affordability2295th of 4,223 published cities78
ClimateTop 39% of 4,223 published cities72
Physical resilience2494th of 4,182 published cities49
Access3372nd of 4,226 published cities78
Economic stability4101st of 4,226 published cities24
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable published city profiles: unemployment is 5.6% and the Opportunity signal places Gaffney in the bottom 7%.

In the public schools here, 32% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 14.6 students for every teacher.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 83 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 207% on the prior year.

At a glance

Population
12,596
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$41,089
Bottom 11% nationally
Density
1,389/sq mi
9.1 sq mi of land
Median age
31.9
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Cherokee County
South Carolina
Metro area
Gaffney, SC
Nearest major airport
CLT
41 mi · Charlotte/Douglas Intl
Median home value
$137,700
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 5.6% is lower than 12% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment held steady over the past year, at 22,405 employed residents.

Median household income of $41,089 is below 89% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$3,009$41,089Bottom 11%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,365$21,994Bottom 13%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate29.1%Top 11%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute20.5 minBottom 19%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher23.1%Top 44%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment22,405Bottom 28%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-2.3%Bottom 16%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)0.0%Top 30%June 2026
Labor force23,734Bottom 29%June 2026
Labor force participation53.8%Bottom 30%2024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.4%Bottom 21%June 2026
Unemployment rate5.6%Top 12%June 2026
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202441k34k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $41,089 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes city-level labor data only for places of 25,000 or more. This is the figure for Cherokee County, SC, which contains this city.

32% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 34% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 14.6 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
12
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
14.6
across all schools here
Math proficiency
32.1%
Bottom 26% in South Carolina
Reading proficiency
34.3%
Bottom 18% in South Carolina
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Gaffney HighCherokee 011,82717.7
Gaffney MiddleCherokee 0185112.533%40%
Cherokee Charter Academy · charterCharter Institute at Erskine63315.136%
B. D. Lee ElementaryCherokee 0160315.516%15%
Grassy Pond ElementaryCherokee 0151915.751%46%
Limestone-Central ElementaryCherokee 0143613.628%31%
Northwest ElementaryCherokee 0142314.147%47%
Luther L. Vaughan ElementaryCherokee 0139912.19%18%
John E. Ewing MiddleCherokee 0138012.322%32%
Corinth ElementaryCherokee 0129212.754%50%
Draytonville ElementaryCherokee 0126413.931%33%
Institute of InnovationCherokee 010

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against South Carolina’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $887 takes 26% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.4 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
25.9%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.4×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$887
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$137,700
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.35Top 39%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate50.5%Bottom 10%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±3255,384Top 11%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$46$887Bottom 40%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$26,802$137,700Bottom 34%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income25.9%Top 14%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate13.9%Top 37%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
62/ 100
Top 30% of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is increasing — 3 consecutive years, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has fallen 2% since 2020, reaching 12,546 in 2024.

Permit activity has risen for 3 consecutive years.

At 6.6 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
83
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
6.6
Top 22% nationally
Year over year
+207%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
37.3%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202413k12k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2022202320242025366.0
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+500%).

Weather & climate

6 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 91°F and January a low of 33°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 43.3 inches.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station GASTONIA MUNI AP, 29.8 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.2"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation43.3"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low33°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high91°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months61991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing38°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

49 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, cold wave and earthquake.

Ice stormElevated
Cold waveHigh
LightningModerate
EarthquakeElevated
Inland floodingModerate
HurricaneModerate
LandslideModerate
HailModerate

Low or minimal exposure: tornado, strong wind, heat wave, drought, wildfire, winter weather.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Cherokee County records 6.9 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, higher than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 17.6 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 22.9 per 100,000 residents in Cherokee County.

Homicide
6.9
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
17.6
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
22.9
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
22.9
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Cherokee County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Gaffney rather than Gaffney itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

4 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 41 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Charlotte/Douglas IntlCLT41 mi10,000 ft
Donaldson FldGYH46 mi8,000 ft
Asheville RgnlAVL56 mi8,002 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
51
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Gaffney

2 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
2934020,763$44,12354
2934120,647$58,02955