Clayton, North Carolina

Area Profile

29,320 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Clayton, in Johnston County.

71out of 100
Area Score
Top 17% of 2,944 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 6% of 3,904 published cities82
Schools1652nd of 2,668 published cities42
GrowthTop 6% of 2,973 published cities79
Housing affordability2793rd of 4,223 published cities70
ClimateTop 43% of 4,223 published cities72
Physical resilienceTop 45% of 4,182 published cities64
Access2729th of 4,226 published cities88
Economic stabilityTop 6% of 4,226 published cities81
The quick read

Clayton ranks in the top 6% of published city profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 3.2% and median household income of $78,822.

In the public schools here, 39% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 20.2 students for every teacher.

390 housing units were authorized over the past twelve months, within 5% of the prior year — steady rather than turning.

At a glance

Population
29,320
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$78,822
Top 35% nationally
Density
1,746/sq mi
16.8 sq mi of land
Median age
33.0
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Johnston County
North Carolina
Metro area
Raleigh-Cary, NC
Nearest major airport
RDU
24 mi · Raleigh-Durham Intl
Median home value
$329,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.2% is lower than 92% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment grew 0.3% over the past year, to 17,032 employed residents.

40% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 82% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$4,441$78,822Top 35%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,019$37,564Top 39%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate5.9%Bottom 28%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute33.2 minTop 22%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher40.4%Top 18%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment17,032Bottom 19%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)4.5%Top 8%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)0.3%Top 24%June 2026
Labor force17,586Bottom 19%June 2026
Labor force participation73.4%Top 11%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$70,740Top 42%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$51,990Top 44%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.3%Bottom 30%June 2026
Unemployment rate3.2%Bottom 8%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/063.72.4
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.2% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202479k63k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $78,822 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Raleigh-Cary, NC
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Retail Salespersons18,660$33,100
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand17,060$38,470
Cashiers14,350$29,770
Customer Service Representatives13,620$41,900
Fast Food and Counter Workers12,790$29,080
Registered Nurses12,780$84,830

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

39% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 44% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 20.2 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
9
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
20.2
across all schools here
Math proficiency
39.1%
Top 50% in North Carolina
Reading proficiency
44.4%
Bottom 49% in North Carolina
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
American Leadership Academy - Johnston · charterAmerican Leadership Academy - Johnston2,08222.9
Clayton HighJohnston County Public Schools1,92923.5
Cleveland HighJohnston County Public Schools1,88923.6
Cleveland ElementaryJohnston County Public Schools85119.355%52%
West Clayton ElementaryJohnston County Public Schools74215.129%34%
Swift Creek MiddleJohnston County Public Schools69115.732%42%
Johnston Charter Academy · charterJohnston Charter Academy67719.967%61%
Clayton MiddleJohnston County Public Schools60916.017%42%
Cooper AcademyJohnston County Public Schools44714.923%29%

83.5% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against North Carolina’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,661 takes 25% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 4.2 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
25.3%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
4.2×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,661
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$329,600
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income4.18Top 24%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate62.7%Bottom 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±47911,529Top 5%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$66$1,661Top 16%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$14,681$329,600Top 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income25.3%Top 16%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2.5%Bottom 17%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
79/ 100
Top 6% of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing — 2 consecutive years, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 19% since 2020, reaching 31,732 in 2024.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 13.3 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
390
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
13.3
Top 8% nationally
Year over year
+5%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202432k27k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
20202022202320242025657303
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−41%).

Weather & climate

6 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 91°F and January a low of 32°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 46.1 inches, including 5.2 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 43, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station RALEIGH DURHAM INTL AP, 24.8 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND5.2"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index58.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation46.1"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall5.2"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low32°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high91°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months61991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index43.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing39°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
43
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
58
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

64 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, hurricane and cold wave.

Inland floodingModerate
HurricaneElevated
DroughtModerate
Strong windModerate
Cold waveModerate
LandslideModerate

Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, tornado, heat wave, hail, lightning, ice storm, earthquake, wildfire.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Johnston County records 4.9 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 14.1 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 10.3 per 100,000 residents in Johnston County.

Homicide
4.9
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
14.1
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
10.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
17.4
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Johnston County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Clayton rather than Clayton itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 24 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Raleigh-Durham IntlRDU24 mi10,000 ft
Kinston Rgnl Jetport At Stallings FldISO52 mi11,498 ft
Piedmont Triad IntlGSO89 mi10,001 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
71
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Other cities in Raleigh-Cary, NC

Same metropolitan area, measured the same way
CityCountyPopulationArea ScoreCompare
RaleighWake County481,03174vs Clayton
CaryWake County179,30677vs Clayton
ApexWake County70,63082vs Clayton
Wake ForestWake County52,84481vs Clayton
Holly SpringsWake County45,24879vs Clayton
Fuquay-VarinaWake County40,48575vs Clayton
GarnerWake County34,47370vs Clayton
MorrisvilleWake County31,42283vs Clayton
KnightdaleWake County20,21473vs Clayton
WendellWake County13,06474vs Clayton
SmithfieldJohnston County12,116vs Clayton
RolesvilleWake County10,76681vs Clayton

Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.

Compare

Put Clayton side by side with a similar place.

Clayton vs GarnerClayton vs SmyrnaClayton vs KyleClayton vs Bastrop

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Clayton

1 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
2752048,014$86,32273