Bay St. Louis, Mississippi

Area Profile

10,188 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Bay St. Louis, in Hancock County.

64out of 100
Area Score
Top 38% of 2,944 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 23% of 3,904 cities measured70
SchoolsTop 36% of 2,668 cities measured62
GrowthTop 21% of 2,973 cities measured67
Housing affordabilityTop 45% of 4,223 cities measured84
ClimateTop 20% of 4,223 cities measured78
Physical resilience3307th of 4,182 cities measured25
AccessTop 29% of 4,226 cities measured97
Economic stability3744th of 4,226 cities measured35
The quick read

Bay St. Louis ranks in the top 23% of published city profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 3.4% and median household income of $67,442.

Physical-risk exposure is above the national median, driven mainly by hurricane, inland flooding and coastal flooding.

A major airport is 6 miles away, giving the area unusually direct access to the national air network.

At a glance

Population
10,188
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$67,442
Top 49% nationally
Density
693/sq mi
14.7 sq mi of land
Median age
53.3
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Hancock County
Mississippi
Metro area
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS
Nearest major airport
HSA
6 mi · Stennis Intl
Median home value
$260,200
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.4% is lower than 87% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment fell 0.9% over the past year, to 21,534 employed residents.

38% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 80% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$9,646$67,442Top 49%of 29,5732024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$10,905$55,519Top 13%of 31,4202024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate14.5%Top 37%of 31,9002024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute29.3 minTop 37%of 31,5432024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher38.3%Top 20%of 31,9192024 ACS 5-Year
Employment21,534Bottom 27%of 3,904June 2026
Employment change (3 years)2.6%Top 17%of 3,903June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-0.9%Bottom 46%of 3,904June 2026
Labor force22,294Bottom 27%of 3,904June 2026
Labor force participation57.6%Bottom 40%of 31,9332024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$53,290Bottom 2%of 3,6582025 OEWS
Median annual wage$43,470Bottom 3%of 3,6582025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.2%Bottom 35%of 3,904June 2026
Unemployment rate3.4%Bottom 13%of 3,904June 2026
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202470k60k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $67,442 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Gulfport-Biloxi, MS
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Retail Salespersons5,380$28,880
Cashiers4,610$27,300
Waiters and Waitresses3,910$22,600
Registered Nurses3,740$78,960
Fast Food and Counter Workers3,520$22,820
Stockers and Order Fillers2,690$31,780

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes city-level labor data only for places of 25,000 or more. This is the figure for Hancock County, MS, which contains this city.

44% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 43% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 14.9 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
4
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
14.9
across all schools here
Math proficiency
43.9%
Top 36% in Mississippi
Reading proficiency
43.1%
Top 38% in Mississippi
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Bay High SchoolBay Waveland School District49114.4
South Hancock Elementary SchoolHancock School District48032%34%
Bay Waveland Middle SchoolBay Waveland School District36515.252%52%
North Bay ElementaryBay Waveland School District34815.152%47%

71.0% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Mississippi’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,179 takes 21% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.9 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
21.0%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.9×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,179
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$260,200
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income3.86Top 29%of 28,4732024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate76.7%Top 48%of 31,8432024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±4036,418Top 9%of 32,3302024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$171$1,179Top 34%of 23,4322024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$35,435$260,200Top 34%of 29,3422024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income21.0%Top 35%of 23,2012024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate20.7%Top 22%of 32,0012024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
67/ 100
Top 21% of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing — 3 consecutive years, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 12% since 2020, reaching 10,526 in 2024.

Permit activity has fallen for 3 consecutive years.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 6.7 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
68
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
6.7
Top 22% nationally
Year over year
+8%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202411k9k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2020202220232024202556162
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−88%).

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 90°F and January a low of 42°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 62.8 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 43, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station GULFPORT - BILOXI AP, 17.7 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND7.2"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index60.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation62.8"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low42°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high90°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index43.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing31°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
43
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
60
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

25 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hurricane, inland flooding and coastal flooding.

HurricaneHigh
WildfireModerate
Coastal floodingHigh
Inland floodingModerate
DroughtModerate

Low or minimal exposure: lightning, heat wave, tornado, cold wave, hail, earthquake, ice storm, winter weather, strong wind, landslide.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes and full cost of living
No public source publishes either with national coverage and a method open enough to check. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 6 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Stennis IntlHSA6 mi8,498 ft
Louis Armstrong New Orleans IntlMSY58 mi10,104 ft
Mobile RgnlMOB71 mi8,502 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
64
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Other cities in Gulfport-Biloxi, MS

Same metropolitan area, measured the same way
CityCountyPopulationArea ScoreCompare
GulfportHarrison County73,00359vs Bay St. Louis
BiloxiHarrison County48,86162vs Bay St. Louis
PascagoulaJackson County21,71055vs Bay St. Louis
GautierJackson County19,04665vs Bay St. Louis
Ocean SpringsJackson County18,64668vs Bay St. Louis
Long BeachHarrison County17,00966vs Bay St. Louis
D'IbervilleHarrison County13,20360vs Bay St. Louis
Moss PointJackson County11,95750vs Bay St. Louis

Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Bay St. Louis

1 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
3952015,561$62,17663