Otter Tail County, MN

County Profile

60,475 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Otter Tail County, MN.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

59out of 100
Area Score
Top 49% of 1,453 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 13 sources
Opportunity1,158th of 1,463 counties measured40
SchoolsTop 29% of 1,377 counties measured66
Growth1,191st of 1,453 counties measured32
Housing affordabilityTop 37% of 1,462 counties measured76
Climate1,453rd of 1,463 counties measured45
Physical resilienceTop 5% of 1,463 counties measured92
Access1,253rd of 1,463 counties measured57
Economic stabilityTop 14% of 1,463 counties measured86
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable counties measured: unemployment is 4.6% and the Opportunity signal places Otter Tail County in the bottom 21%.

In the public schools here, 58% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 14.8 students for every teacher.

Residential permitting has slowed: 98 units authorized over the past twelve months, 16% below the prior year.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
60,475
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$72,255
Top 32% nationally
Density
31/sq mi
1,971.6 sq mi of land
Median age
46.2
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Otter Tail County
Minnesota
Nearest major airport
FAR
63 mi · Hector Intl
Median home value
$273,000
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.6% — higher than in all but 31% of the 1,467 measured US counties.

Employment fell 2.7% over the past year, to 29,780 employed residents.

28% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 72% of measured US counties.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023$69,82472nd percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023$57,65650th percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$2,0932024 ACS 5-Year$72,255Top 32%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$8382024 ACS 5-Year$39,580Top 27%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income2023$59,791Top 38%of 1,3892023
Poverty rate ±0.9%2024 ACS 5-Year8.6%Top 17%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±0.6 min2024 ACS 5-Year22.1 minTop 26%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year28.3%Top 28%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year75.3%34th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentJuly 202629,780Bottom 46%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (3 years)July 2026−2.3%Bottom 23%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (year over year)July 2026−2.7%Bottom 12%of 1,467July 2026
Labor forceJuly 202631,20646th percentileof 1,467July 2026
Labor force participation ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year82.5%Top 15%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Public transit to work ±0.4%2024 ACS 5-Year0.8%83rd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026+0.8%Bottom 7%of 1,467July 2026
Unemployment rateJuly 20264.6%Bottom 31%of 1,467July 2026
Worked from home ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year10.4%66th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Unemployment rate

2021/072022/072023/072024/072025/072026/077.41.7
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.6% in July 2026. It has been falling, over a series running from 2020-01 to 2026-07. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202472k64k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $72,255 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

58% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 64% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 14.8 students for every full-time teacher across 22 public schools, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
28
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
14.8
across 22 of them
Math proficiency
57.7%
Top 32% in Minnesota
Reading proficiency
63.6%
Top 27% in Minnesota
The 12 largest of 28 public schools, by enrollment.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Kennedy High SchoolFergus Falls Public School District71413.552%72%
Heart of the Lake ElementaryPERHAM-DENT PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT57814.469%59%
Kennedy Middle SchoolFergus Falls Public School District55815.966%72%
Perham Senior HighPERHAM-DENT PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT52918.942%62%
Prairie Wind MiddlePERHAM-DENT PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT52615.959%64%
Viking Elementary SchoolPelican Rapids Public Schools46811.465%62%
New York Mills ElementaryNEW YORK MILLS PUBLIC SCHOOL DIST.46015.954%60%
Pelican Rapids SecondaryPelican Rapids Public Schools37413.445%51%
New York Mills SecondaryNEW YORK MILLS PUBLIC SCHOOL DIST.36214.557%62%
Cleveland ElementaryFergus Falls Public School District36120.173%60%
Underwood ElementaryUNDERWOOD PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT28212.362%62%
Parkers Prairie SecondaryPARKERS PRAIRIE PUBLIC SCHOOL DIST.28021.547%62%

38.6% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Minnesota’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the non-metropolitan parts of Minnesota is up 43% over five years, and up 3.8% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $2,093 a year in real estate taxes, about 0.77% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $983, some 13% above the $868 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $983 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $39,300 a year, about 54% of the median household income here of $72,255.

The typical renter household here spends 28% of its income on rent, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $868 a month.

A median home at $273,000 costs 3.2 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $85,697, above the historic benchmark of about 3 times income.

Rent as a share of income
27.5%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.2×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$983
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$868
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$273,000
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Otter Tail County’s median household income of $72,255, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price change (1 year)the non-metropolitan parts of Minnesota’s figure2026 Q2+3.8%57th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the non-metropolitan parts of Minnesota’s figure2026 Q2+42.5%37th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the non-metropolitan parts of Minnesota’s figure2026 Q2+88.5%39th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.12024 ACS 5-Year3.2Bottom 24%of 3,2172024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year79.5%78th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±912024 ACS 5-Year36,69877th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$749Top 15%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,367Top 35%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$983Top 24%of 1,423FY2026
Median gross rent ±$632024 ACS 5-Year$868Top 49%of 3,2152024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$6,3972024 ACS 5-Year$273,00076th percentileof 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$762024 ACS 5-Year$2,09368th percentileof 3,1722024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$2,0112024 ACS 5-Year$85,697Top 32%of 3,2182024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.03%2024 ACS 5-Year0.77%47th percentileof 3,1262024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year27.5%Top 47%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±3272024 ACS 5-Year10,10798th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year27.5%96th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year3.9%7th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±3522024 ACS 5-Year11,54192nd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures.

Development Momentum

32/ 100
Ranks 1,191 of 1,453 published county profiles
The most recent move in permitting was downward, in a series running from 2022 to 2025. That is the direction of the recent run. The chart below compares the first year with the last, which can point the other way.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 1% since 2020, reaching 60,884 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before: 99 units authorized in 2025, 29% below the prior year.

New construction is predominantly single-family: of 98 units permitted over the past twelve months, only 17% are in buildings of five or more homes.

Federal tax returns show that people moving in from elsewhere in the US and people moving out roughly balanced across Otter Tail County in the most recent year. Households that moved in reported an average income of $69,824, above the $57,656 of households that moved out.

At 1.6 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US counties.

Units permitted
98
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
1.6
Bottom 30% nationally
Year over year
−16%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
17.3%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

2020202120222023202461k60k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been rising for the last 4 years, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

People moving in and out

Net migration
0.0%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
38%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$69,824
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$57,656
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Cass County, ND 229 people · 9.9% of arrivals
  2. Becker County, MN 204 people · 8.8% of arrivals
  3. Wadena County, MN 180 people · 7.8% of arrivals
  4. Clay County, MN 150 people · 6.5% of arrivals
  5. Douglas County, MN 102 people · 4.4% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Cass County, ND 255 people · 11% of departures
  2. Becker County, MN 185 people · 8.0% of departures
  3. Clay County, MN 171 people · 7.4% of departures
  4. Hennepin County, MN 118 people · 5.1% of departures
  5. Wadena County, MN 118 people · 5.1% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

Housing units permitted per year

202220232024202514099
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2022 (−12%).

Weather & climate

4 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 79°F and January a low of -2°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 28.2 inches.

-10°10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station OTTERTAIL, 8.0 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND4.8"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals28.2"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals-2°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals79°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals41991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals62°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

92 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, cold wave and tornado, with inland flooding alone responsible for 56% of it. Inland flooding and cold wave are independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large those hazards are.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 95% of measured US counties.

Winter weatherModerate
Strong windElevated
TornadoHigh
HailModerate
LightningModerate
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: cold wave, inland flooding, landslide, wildfire, drought, ice storm, earthquake, volcanic activity, avalanche, coastal flooding, hurricane, tsunami.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Otter Tail County records 0.0 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at about 10.0 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at about 8.2 per 100,000 residents in Otter Tail County.

Homicide
0.0
per 100,000 residents
Firearm deaths, all intents
10.0
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Drug overdose
8.2
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Suicide
15.6
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Otter Tail County as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Cost of living
Price parities are published for metropolitan areas, and this place lies outside one.
Air quality
The EPA publishes an air-quality index only where a monitor sits. There is none in this county, and a modeled value would be a different kind of number from the measured ones everywhere else on this page.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. Cost of living is published where the Bureau of Economic Analysis measures it, though not for this place. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest Hector Intl at 63 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year87.7%Top 43%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle63 miBottom 18%of 1,463NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle1Bottom 3%of 1,463NASR current cycle
No internet access ±0.9%2024 ACS 5-Year9.2%Top 42%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Hector IntlFAR63 mi9,001 ft
Minneapolis-St Paul Intl/Wold-ChamberlainMSP160 mi11,006 ft
Duluth IntlDLH170 mi10,591 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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59
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

Cities in Otter Tail County, MN

ZIP areas

Only ZIP areas whose income or home value differ from their city’s by at least ten percent get a profile of their own, so this is a selection rather than every ZIP code in the county.