04101 — Portland, Maine

Area Profile

Income, jobs, climate, physical risk and development data for ZIP code 04101. Its median home value runs 26% above Portland as a whole, which is why this ZIP carries a profile of its own.

68out of 100
Area Score
Top 19% of 3,113 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 14 sources
OpportunityTop 25% of 3,116 ZIP areas measured66
GrowthTop 5% of 3,124 ZIP areas measured79
Housing affordability2,659th of 3,112 ZIP areas measured46
Climate2,919th of 3,127 ZIP areas measured56
Physical resilienceTop 5% of 3,127 ZIP areas measured94
Access3,009th of 3,127 ZIP areas measured51
Economic stability1,738th of 3,127 ZIP areas measured51
The quick read

Unemployment is 2.7% and median household income $63,880, putting employment conditions in the middle range of ZIP areas measured. The unemployment rate is published for Portland, ME, which contains 04101, rather than for 04101 alone.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 812 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 125% on the prior year. The permit count and 1 other measure here are published for Portland, ME, which contains 04101, rather than for 04101 alone.

Housing costs more relative to local incomes than in most ZIP areas measured: rent takes 32% of renter income and the median home is 5.1 times what its owners earn.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
18,431
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$63,880
Bottom 37% nationally
Density
9,088/sq mi
2 sq mi of land
Median age
35.8
2024 ACS 5-Year
City
Portland
Maine
Nearest major airport
MHT
78 mi · Manchester Boston Rgnl
Median home value
$617,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment across Portland, ME, which contains 04101, is 2.7%, lower than in 98% of the 3,127 measured US ZIP areas.

Employment across Portland, ME, which contains 04101, fell 1.5% over the past year, to 41,006 employed residents.

58% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 92% of measured US ZIP areas.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsCumberland County, ME’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$85,96075th percentileof 2,996filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftCumberland County, ME’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$76,94466th percentileof 2,996filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$5,8232024 ACS 5-Year$63,880Bottom 37%of 31,0492024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$3,6672024 ACS 5-Year$53,597Top 16%of 32,8222024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year16.9%Bottom 24%of 32,8462024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±1.6 min2024 ACS 5-Year20.6 minTop 15%of 32,8872024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year58.1%Top 8%of 33,1932024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year40.5%4th percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentPortland, ME’s figureJuly 202641,006Bottom 44%of 3,127July 2026
Employment change (3 years)Portland, ME’s figureJuly 2026+0.9%Top 35%of 3,127July 2026
Employment change (year over year)Portland, ME’s figureJuly 2026−1.5%Bottom 32%of 3,127July 2026
Labor forcePortland, ME’s figureJuly 202642,13643rd percentileof 3,127July 2026
Labor force participation ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year82.4%Top 32%of 32,8832024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wagePortland-South Portland, ME Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS$70,020Top 34%of 2,7602025 OEWS
Median annual wagePortland-South Portland, ME Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS$56,960Top 20%of 2,7602025 OEWS
Public transit to work ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year5.5%94th percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)Portland, ME’s figureJuly 20260.0%Bottom 44%of 3,127July 2026
Unemployment ratePortland, ME’s figureJuly 20262.7%Top 2%of 3,127July 2026
Worked from home ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year24.7%90th percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202464k51k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $63,880 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

Largest occupations — Portland-South Portland, ME

OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Retail Salespersons8,510$37,320
Home Health and Personal Care Aides8,150$38,580
Fast Food and Counter Workers8,040$35,300
General and Operations Managers7,160$105,390
Registered Nurses6,970$88,470
Cashiers5,610$36,210

Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish labor-force data for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Portland, ME, the city containing this ZIP code.

35% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 62% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 13.0 students for every full-time teacher across 3 public schools, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
3
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
13.0
across all schools here
Math proficiency
34.7%
2018-19 school year
Reading proficiency
61.5%
2018-19 school year
All 3 public schools on record, largest first.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Portland High SchoolPortland Public Schools91214.537%57%
East End Community SchoolPortland Public Schools3919.822%52%
Baxter Academy for Tech & Sciences · charterBaxter Academy for Technology and Science38414.242%82%

51.2% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Maine’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

Prices for everything a household buys run about 4% above the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 104.4, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Portland-South Portland, ME Metro Area is up 56% over five years, and up 4.5% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $6,921 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.12% of the median home value.

The typical renter household here spends 32% of its income on rent, above the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,566 a month.

A median home at $617,600 costs 5.1 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $120,982, well above the historic benchmark, at a level conventionally described as seriously unaffordable.

Cost of living
104.4

Prices here run about 4% above the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Published for the Portland-South Portland, ME Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.

Rent as a share of income
31.7%
Above the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
5.1×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Median gross rent
$1,566
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$617,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against 04101’s median household income of $63,880, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living indexthe Portland-South Portland, ME Metro Area’s figure2023104.4Bottom 26%of 2,7372023
Home price change (1 year)the Portland-South Portland, ME Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+4.5%75th percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the Portland-South Portland, ME Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+55.9%88th percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the Portland-South Portland, ME Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+124.9%91st percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.62024 ACS 5-Year5.1Bottom 8%of 29,2752024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year22.7%2nd percentileof 32,7502024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±6512024 ACS 5-Year11,81887th percentileof 33,4602024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$622024 ACS 5-Year$1,566Bottom 20%of 26,3962024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$43,2402024 ACS 5-Year$617,60092nd percentileof 30,8122024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$5682024 ACS 5-Year$6,92195th percentileof 28,9352024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$10,7282024 ACS 5-Year$120,982Top 16%of 29,8022024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.12%2024 ACS 5-Year1.12%64th percentileof 24,0992024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year31.7%Bottom 31%of 26,2472024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±2252024 ACS 5-Year71996th percentileof 33,7722024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year6.1%75th percentileof 32,9612024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year4.2%30th percentileof 32,7882024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±2712024 ACS 5-Year1,21091st percentileof 33,7722024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.

Development Momentum

79/ 100
Top 5% of 3,124 published ZIP profiles

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

93% of the 812 units permitted over the past twelve months are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses. The multifamily share is published for Portland, ME, which contains 04101, rather than for 04101 alone.

At 11.8 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US ZIP areas. The permit rate is published for Portland, ME, which contains 04101, rather than for 04101 alone.

Units permitted
812
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
11.8
Top 9% nationally
Year over year
+125%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
93.2%
units in 5+ unit buildings

People moving in and out

Net migration
+0.1%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
62%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$85,960
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$76,944
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. York County, ME 1,879 people · 14% of arrivals
  2. Androscoggin County, ME 885 people · 6.6% of arrivals
  3. Sagadahoc County, ME 481 people · 3.6% of arrivals
  4. Middlesex County, MA 455 people · 3.4% of arrivals
  5. Kennebec County, ME 417 people · 3.1% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. York County, ME 2,279 people · 17% of departures
  2. Androscoggin County, ME 1,433 people · 11% of departures
  3. Sagadahoc County, ME 688 people · 5.2% of departures
  4. Kennebec County, ME 531 people · 4.0% of departures
  5. Oxford County, ME 479 people · 3.6% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. This is the figure for Cumberland County, ME. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

The Building Permits Survey is not published for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Portland, ME, the city containing this ZIP code.

Weather & climate

4 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 80°F and January a low of 16°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 48.1 inches, including 68.7 inches of snow.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station PORTLAND INTL JETPORT, 2.3 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND5.3"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year572024 calendar year
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals48.1"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall1991-2020 Normals68.7"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals16°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals80°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals41991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year12024 calendar year
Median air quality index2024 calendar year372024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals46°F1991-2020 Normals

Air quality

Median air quality index
37
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
57
90th percentile index
Days above 100
1
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

94 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, hurricane and ice storm, with inland flooding alone responsible for 39% of it. Inland flooding is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 95% of measured US ZIP areas.

Ice stormHigh
HurricaneElevated
LightningModerate
EarthquakeModerate
Coastal floodingElevated
LandslideModerate
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, strong wind, hail, inland flooding, cold wave, drought, wildfire, tornado, avalanche, volcanic activity, tsunami.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. ZIP values are the land-area-weighted mean of the counties the ZIP Code Tabulation Area intersects. Expected annual loss is not allocated below county level. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Homicide
1.2
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
11.6
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
19.0
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
16.1
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe the county around 04101 (Cumberland County) rather than 04101 itself. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. A ZIP area is not a jurisdiction, so no department reports for one. Portland carries the figure where its department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

2 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Manchester Boston Rgnl at 78 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year88.9%Bottom 47%of 32,6632024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle78 miBottom 4%of 3,127NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle2Bottom 9%of 3,127NASR current cycle
No internet access ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year7.2%Top 46%of 32,6632024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Manchester Boston RgnlMHT78 mi9,250 ft
General Edward Lawrence Logan IntlBOS97 mi10,083 ft
Bangor IntlBGR106 mi11,440 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
68
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
HousingU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWS
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar year
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

04101 vs Portland

How this ZIP area compares with Portland as a whole. Both figures come from the same ACS release, so the comparison is like for like — a gap here is a real difference between the two places, not two surveys disagreeing.

04101
Portland
Median household income: Portland is the more favorable of the two.
Median household income
$63,880
vs
$79,540
Per capita income: 04101 is the more favorable of the two.
Per capita income
$53,597
vs
$52,781
Population density
9,088/sq mi
vs
3,197/sq mi
Median home value
$617,600
vs
$489,600
Median gross rent: 04101 is the more favorable of the two.
Median gross rent
$1,566
vs
$1,577
Homeownership rate
22.7%
vs
46.9%
Bachelor's degree or higher: Portland is the more favorable of the two.
Bachelor's degree or higher
58.1%
vs
59.7%
Poverty rate: Portland is the more favorable of the two.
Poverty rate
16.9%
vs
10.5%
Median age
35.8
vs
37.8

Some demographic statistics use Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, which approximate but do not exactly match USPS ZIP delivery geography. See the methodology for how AreaProfile maps between them.