Ada County, ID

County Profile

518,935 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Ada County, ID.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

76out of 100
Area Score
Top 7% of 1,225 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 9% of 1,255 counties80
SchoolsTop 19% of 973 counties76
GrowthTop 6% of 1,226 counties77
Housing affordability1098th of 1,255 counties68
Climate908th of 1,254 counties61
Physical resilienceTop 17% of 1,255 counties83
AccessTop 27% of 1,255 counties90
Economic stabilityTop 11% of 1,255 counties89
The quick read

Ada County ranks in the top 9% of published profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 3.4% and median household income of $91,502.

Buying strains local incomes far more than renting does — the median home is 5.6 times median household income, against a historic benchmark near three — while rent takes 21% of it.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published profiles, placing Ada County in the top 17% for physical resilience.

At a glance

Population
518,935
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$91,502
Top 9% nationally
Density
493/sq mi
1052.2 sq mi of land
Median age
38.4
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Ada County
Idaho
Metro area
Boise City, ID
Nearest major airport
BOI
8 mi · Boise Air Trml/Gowen Fld
Median home value
$512,300
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.4% is lower than 83% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 0.8% over the past year, to 285,550 employed residents.

45% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 95% of measured US locations.

Household income is higher than at least 91% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$1,355$91,502Top 9%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,078$49,757Top 7%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate8.3%Bottom 13%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute22.6 minBottom 29%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher44.6%Top 5%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment285,550Top 9%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)3.8%Top 14%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-0.8%Bottom 47%June 2026
Labor force295,631Top 10%June 2026
Labor force participation65.8%Top 15%2024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)0.1%Top 46%June 2026
Unemployment rate3.4%Bottom 17%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/063.52.2
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.4% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202492k75k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $91,502 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Boise City, ID
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers11,690$29,660
General and Operations Managers11,270$83,680
Home Health and Personal Care Aides9,850$35,850
Customer Service Representatives9,460$46,640
Retail Salespersons9,130$35,670
Office Clerks, General8,810$45,860

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

50% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 60% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 18.6 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
150
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
18.6
across all schools here
Math proficiency
49.9%
Top 1% in Idaho
Reading proficiency
60.0%
Top 17% in Idaho
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
MOUNTAIN VIEW HIGH SCHOOLJOINT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 22,46321.8
OWYHEE HIGH SCHOOLJOINT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 21,88422.7
ROCKY MOUNTAIN HIGH SCHOOLJOINT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 21,84823.1
IDAHO VIRTUAL ACADEMY · charterIDAHO VIRTUAL ACADEMY INC.1,80132.737%46%
MERIDIAN HIGH SCHOOLJOINT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 21,77418.9
EAGLE HIGH SCHOOLJOINT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 21,76522.9
CENTENNIAL HIGH SCHOOLJOINT SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 21,74320.5
KUNA HIGH SCHOOLKUNA JOINT DISTRICT1,62418.9
BOISE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLBOISE INDEPENDENT DISTRICT1,51218.7
BORAH SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLBOISE INDEPENDENT DISTRICT1,30817.0
TIMBERLINE HIGH SCHOOLBOISE INDEPENDENT DISTRICT1,30717.7
iSUCCEED VIRTUAL HIGH SCHOOL · charterISUCCEED VIRTUAL HIGH SCHOOL INC.1,29024.3

33.6% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Idaho’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,577 takes 21% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 5.6 times median household income here, well above the historic benchmark, at a level conventionally described as seriously unaffordable.

Rent as a share of income
20.7%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
5.6×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,577
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$512,300
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income5.60Top 5%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate70.8%Bottom 32%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±130211,440Top 4%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$32$1,577Top 6%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$8,186$512,300Top 4%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income20.7%Top 17%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate4.2%Bottom 3%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
77/ 100
Top 6% of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is broadly steady, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 8% since 2020, reaching 535,799 in 2024.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 13% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 10.6 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
5,504
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
10.6
Top 7% nationally
Year over year
+2%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
13.1%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024536k498k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2020202120222023202420257k5k
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−13%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 93°F and January a low of 26°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 11.5 inches, including 17.6 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 44, in the Good band, and about 35 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station BOISE AIR TERMINAL, 8.0 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND1.5"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index97.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation11.5"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall17.6"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low26°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high93°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 100352024 calendar year
Median air quality index44.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing45°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
44
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
97
90th percentile index
Days above 100
35
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

83 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are wildfire, heat wave and earthquake.

WildfireHigh
Heat waveModerate
EarthquakeModerate
LandslideModerate
AvalancheModerate

Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, strong wind, lightning, inland flooding, ice storm, volcanic activity, hail, cold wave, tornado, drought.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Ada County records 1.2 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 12.4 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 12.8 per 100,000 residents in Ada County.

Homicide
1.2
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
12.4
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
12.8
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
18.3
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Ada County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Ada County rather than Ada County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 8 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Boise Air Trml/Gowen FldBOI8 mi10,000 ft
Joslin Fld/Magic Valley RgnlTWF111 mi8,704 ft
Pocatello RgnlPIH188 mi9,059 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
76
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.