Cortland, New York
Area Profile
17,450 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Cortland, in Cortland County.
Unemployment is 4.3% and median household income $59,482, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published city profiles.
3 housing units were authorized over the past twelve months, essentially level with the prior year — steady rather than turning.
Housing is more affordable relative to local incomes than in most published city profiles: rent takes 20% of median household income and the median home is 2.6 times it.
At a glance
Jobs & opportunity
Unemployment of 4.3% is lower than 51% of the 3,904 measured US cities.
Employment fell 0.8% over the past year, to 20,559 employed residents.
| Metric | Value | Compared with peers | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income ±$3,769 | $59,482 | Bottom 38% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per capita income ±$1,714 | $28,083 | Bottom 30% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Poverty rate | 20.8% | Top 22% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Average commute | 18.6 min | Bottom 13% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 27.2% | Top 35% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Employment | 20,559 | Bottom 26% | June 2026 |
| Employment change (3 years) | -1.1% | Bottom 30% | June 2026 |
| Employment change (year over year) | -0.8% | Bottom 48% | June 2026 |
| Labor force | 21,489 | Bottom 26% | June 2026 |
| Labor force participation | 59.9% | Bottom 48% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Unemployment change (year over year) | 0.4% | Top 36% | June 2026 |
| Unemployment rate | 4.3% | Bottom 49% | June 2026 |
The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes city-level labor data only for places of 25,000 or more. This is the figure for Cortland County, NY, which contains this city.
Housing & affordability
How it’s calculated →Median rent of $975 takes 20% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.
A median home costs 2.6 times median household income here, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.
| Metric | Value | Compared with peers | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Home price to income | 2.57 | Bottom 40% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Homeownership rate | 45.9% | Bottom 7% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Housing units ±325 | 7,718 | Top 8% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median gross rent ±$58 | $975 | Top 50% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median home value ±$5,699 | $152,600 | Bottom 38% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Rent as a share of income | 19.7% | Top 43% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacancy rate | 9.1% | Bottom 47% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.
Growth & development
How it’s calculated →An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.
Population has been broadly flat since 2020, at 17,459 in 2024.
Permitting has turned upward after moving the other way the year before.
New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.
At 0.2 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US cities.
Weather & climate
4 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 79°F and January a low of 13°F.
Normal annual precipitation is 41.7 inches.
| Metric | Value | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| Annual precipitation | 41.7" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average January low | 13°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average July high | 79°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Comfortable months | 4 | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Seasonal temperature swing | 46°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.
Physical risk
The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, hurricane and heat wave.
Low or minimal exposure: landslide, ice storm, winter weather, earthquake, lightning, tornado, hail, strong wind, cold wave, avalanche, wildfire, drought, coastal flooding.
Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.
Safety
How it’s measured →These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.
Cortland County records 2.1 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.
Firearm deaths of all intents run at 7.9 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.
Drug overdose deaths run at 13.1 per 100,000 residents in Cortland County.
Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.
Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Cortland County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Cortland rather than Cortland itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.
What this profile does not cover
Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.
- Reported crime
- The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
- Taxes
- No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
- Full cost of living
- No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.
Access
4 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 35 miles away.
| Airport | Code | Distance | Longest runway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Syracuse Hancock Intl | SYR | 35 mi | 9,013 ft |
| Elmira/Corning Rgnl | ELM | 47 mi | 8,001 ft |
| Griffiss Intl | RME | 59 mi | 11,820 ft |
Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
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Data & methodology
| Used for | Source | Source period | Updated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Access | Federal Aviation Administration Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service | NASR current cycle | 28-day NASR cycle |
| Physical risk | Federal Emergency Management Agency National Risk Index | National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0) | Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current) |
| Climate | NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly) | 1991-2020 Normals | Every ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period) |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics | June 2026 | Monthly |
| Demographics | U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program | July 1, 2024 estimate | Annual (vintage released each spring) |
| Development | U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey | 12 months ending July 2026 | Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month |
| Demographics, Housing, Income, Jobs | U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File) | 2024 ACS 5-Year | Annual (5-year estimates released each December) |
| safety | U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics Provisional county-level mortality by intent | April, 2025 to March, 2026 | Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years |
Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.