59401 — Great Falls, Montana

Area Profile

Income, jobs, climate, physical risk and development data for ZIP code 59401. Its median home value runs 13% below Great Falls as a whole, which is why this ZIP carries a profile of its own.

59out of 100
Area Score
Top 47% of 3,113 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 14 sources
Opportunity1,595th of 3,116 ZIP areas measured53
Growth2,149th of 3,124 ZIP areas measured41
Housing affordabilityTop 43% of 3,112 ZIP areas measured70
Climate2,932nd of 3,127 ZIP areas measured56
Physical resilienceTop 37% of 3,127 ZIP areas measured68
AccessTop 41% of 3,127 ZIP areas measured95
Economic stability2,294th of 3,127 ZIP areas measured39
The quick read

Unemployment is 3.0% and median household income $55,299, putting employment conditions in the middle range of ZIP areas measured. The unemployment rate is published for Great Falls, MT, which contains 59401, rather than for 59401 alone.

Rent takes 31% of renter income here, above the 30% threshold conventionally called cost-burdened, and the median home is 2.9 times what its owners earn.

Great Falls Intl is 5 miles away, closer than 93% of measured US ZIP areas.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
13,255
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$55,299
Bottom 22% nationally
Density
4,478/sq mi
3 sq mi of land
Median age
37.1
2024 ACS 5-Year
City
Great Falls
Montana
Metro area
Nearest major airport
GTF
5 mi · Great Falls Intl
Median home value
$223,200
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment across Great Falls, MT, which contains 59401, is 3.0%, lower than in 94% of the 3,127 measured US ZIP areas.

Employment across Great Falls, MT, which contains 59401, fell 0.8% over the past year, to 27,629 employed residents.

Median household income of $55,299 is lower than in 78% of measured US ZIP areas.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsCascade County, MT’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$60,47234th percentileof 2,996filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftCascade County, MT’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$59,00829th percentileof 2,996filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$5,0742024 ACS 5-Year$55,299Bottom 22%of 31,0492024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$3,4142024 ACS 5-Year$36,499Top 50%of 32,8222024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year16.7%Bottom 25%of 32,8462024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±1.4 min2024 ACS 5-Year15.5 minTop 5%of 32,8872024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year27.8%Top 39%of 33,1932024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year74.5%45th percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentGreat Falls, MT’s figureJuly 202627,629Bottom 30%of 3,127July 2026
Employment change (3 years)Great Falls, MT’s figureJuly 2026−2.9%Bottom 15%of 3,127July 2026
Employment change (year over year)Great Falls, MT’s figureJuly 2026−0.8%Bottom 47%of 3,127July 2026
Labor forceGreat Falls, MT’s figureJuly 202628,48129th percentileof 3,127July 2026
Labor force participation ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year78.5%Top 49%of 32,8832024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wageGreat Falls, MT Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS$59,170Bottom 19%of 2,7602025 OEWS
Median annual wageGreat Falls, MT Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS$46,510Bottom 17%of 2,7602025 OEWS
Public transit to work ±0.7%2024 ACS 5-Year0.9%79th percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)Great Falls, MT’s figureJuly 2026−0.2%Top 45%of 3,127July 2026
Unemployment rateGreat Falls, MT’s figureJuly 20263.0%Top 6%of 3,127July 2026
Worked from home ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year9.5%49th percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202455k45k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $55,299 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

Largest occupations — Great Falls, MT

OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers1,340$28,200
Retail Salespersons1,130$35,000
Home Health and Personal Care Aides990$34,540
Registered Nurses880$78,290
Stockers and Order Fillers790$36,760
Cashiers760$31,320

Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish labor-force data for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Great Falls, MT, the city containing this ZIP code.

24% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 33% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 13.4 students for every full-time teacher across 2 public schools, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
2
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
13.4
across all schools here
Math proficiency
23.9%
2018-19 school year
Reading proficiency
33.2%
2018-19 school year
All 2 public schools on record, largest first.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Giant Springs ElementaryGreat Falls Elem43114.929%38%
Whittier SchoolGreat Falls Elem18711.012%22%

82.2% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Montana’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

Prices for everything a household buys run about 7% below the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 93.4, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Great Falls, MT Metro Area is up 55% over five years, and up 6.0% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $2,209 a year in real estate taxes, about 0.99% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,284, some 56% above the $824 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,284 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $51,400 a year, about 93% of the median household income here of $55,299.

The typical renter household here spends 31% of its income on rent, above the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $824 a month.

A median home at $223,200 costs 2.9 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $78,004, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Cost of living
93.4

Prices here run about 7% below the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Published for the Great Falls, MT Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.

Rent as a share of income
31.2%
Above the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
2.9×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$1,284
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$824
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$223,200
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against 59401’s median household income of $55,299, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living indexthe Great Falls, MT Metro Area’s figure202393.4Top 29%of 2,7372023
Home price change (1 year)the Great Falls, MT Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+6.0%90th percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the Great Falls, MT Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+54.5%86th percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the Great Falls, MT Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+98.4%53rd percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.42024 ACS 5-Year2.9Bottom 44%of 29,2752024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year55.4%12th percentileof 32,7502024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±4032024 ACS 5-Year6,94177th percentileof 33,4602024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$979Top 27%of 3,031FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,786Top 42%of 3,031FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$1,284Top 35%of 3,031FY2026
Median gross rent ±$492024 ACS 5-Year$824Top 27%of 26,3962024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$14,0242024 ACS 5-Year$223,20051st percentileof 30,8122024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$1222024 ACS 5-Year$2,20955th percentileof 28,9352024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$9,1072024 ACS 5-Year$78,004Bottom 43%of 29,8022024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.08%2024 ACS 5-Year0.99%56th percentileof 24,0992024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year31.2%Bottom 34%of 26,2472024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±982024 ACS 5-Year12579th percentileof 33,7722024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year1.8%57th percentileof 32,9612024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year7.6%54th percentileof 32,7882024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±1732024 ACS 5-Year65179th percentileof 33,7722024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.

Development Momentum

41/ 100
Ranks 2,149 of 3,124 published ZIP profiles

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

At 2.4 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US ZIP areas. The permit rate is published for Great Falls, MT, which contains 59401, rather than for 59401 alone.

Units permitted
144
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
2.4
Bottom 42% nationally
Year over year
+125%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
52.8%
units in 5+ unit buildings

People moving in and out

Net migration
−0.2%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
69%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$60,472
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$59,008
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Lewis and Clark County, MT 167 people · 3.9% of arrivals
  2. Gallatin County, MT 150 people · 3.5% of arrivals
  3. Missoula County, MT 150 people · 3.5% of arrivals
  4. Teton County, MT 113 people · 2.6% of arrivals
  5. Yellowstone County, MT 106 people · 2.5% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Lewis and Clark County, MT 139 people · 3.1% of departures
  2. Yellowstone County, MT 135 people · 3.0% of departures
  3. Missoula County, MT 125 people · 2.8% of departures
  4. Gallatin County, MT 106 people · 2.4% of departures
  5. Teton County, MT 95 people · 2.1% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. This is the figure for Cascade County, MT. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

The Building Permits Survey is not published for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Great Falls, MT, the city containing this ZIP code.

Weather & climate

4 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 84°F and January a low of 15°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 14.8 inches, including 66.1 inches of snow.

0°20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station GREAT FALLS INTL AP, 5.6 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND2.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals14.8"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall1991-2020 Normals66.1"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals15°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals84°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals41991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals43°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

68 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, cold wave and winter weather, with inland flooding alone responsible for 46% of it. Winter weather is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.

Cold waveModerate
WildfireModerate
Inland floodingElevated
LandslideModerate
EarthquakeModerate
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, avalanche, lightning, strong wind, hail, drought, ice storm, tornado, tsunami, volcanic activity, hurricane, coastal flooding.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. ZIP values are the land-area-weighted mean of the counties the ZIP Code Tabulation Area intersects. Expected annual loss is not allocated below county level. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Homicide
4.3
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
22.4
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
22.4
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
37.7
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe the county around 59401 (Cascade County) rather than 59401 itself. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. A ZIP area is not a jurisdiction, so no department reports for one. Great Falls carries the figure where its department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Air quality
The EPA publishes an air-quality index only where a monitor sits. There is none in this county, and a modeled value would be a different kind of number from the measured ones everywhere else on this page.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

2 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Great Falls Intl at 5 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year90.9%Top 42%of 32,6632024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle5 miTop 7%of 3,127NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle2Bottom 9%of 3,127NASR current cycle
No internet access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year6.7%Top 43%of 32,6632024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Great Falls IntlGTF5 mi10,502 ft
Helena RgnlHLN71 mi9,000 ft
Bozeman Yellowstone IntlBZN120 mi8,994 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
59
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
HousingU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWS
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

59401 vs Great Falls

How this ZIP area compares with Great Falls as a whole. Both figures come from the same ACS release, so the comparison is like for like — a gap here is a real difference between the two places, not two surveys disagreeing.

59401
Great Falls
Median household income: Great Falls is the more favorable of the two.
Median household income
$55,299
vs
$63,373
Per capita income: Great Falls is the more favorable of the two.
Per capita income
$36,499
vs
$38,231
Population density
4,478/sq mi
vs
2,608/sq mi
Median home value
$223,200
vs
$257,000
Median gross rent: 59401 is the more favorable of the two.
Median gross rent
$824
vs
$900
Homeownership rate
55.4%
vs
66.1%
Bachelor's degree or higher: 59401 is the more favorable of the two.
Bachelor's degree or higher
27.8%
vs
27.8%
Poverty rate: Great Falls is the more favorable of the two.
Poverty rate
16.7%
vs
14.2%
Median age
37.1
vs
39.0

Some demographic statistics use Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, which approximate but do not exactly match USPS ZIP delivery geography. See the methodology for how AreaProfile maps between them.