Richmond, Indiana

Area Profile

35,581 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Richmond, in Wayne County.

49out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 17% of 4,196 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 13 sources
Opportunity3,418th of 4,199 cities measured41
Schools3,696th of 4,162 cities measured19
Growth3,254th of 4,224 cities measured36
Housing affordabilityTop 41% of 4,218 cities measured70
Climate3,072nd of 4,225 cities measured63
Physical resilienceTop 46% of 4,226 cities measured62
Access3,196th of 4,226 cities measured82
Economic stability4,109th of 4,226 cities measured21
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable cities measured: unemployment is 4.3% and the Opportunity signal places Richmond in the bottom 19%.

In the public schools here, 27% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 14.2 students for every teacher.

Residential permitting has slowed: 29 units authorized over the past twelve months, 87% below the prior year. That follows a longer stretch moving the other way, through 2025.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
35,581
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$45,399
Bottom 16% nationally
Density
1,467/sq mi
24.3 sq mi of land
Median age
38.6
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Indiana
Micro area
Nearest major airport
DAY
36 mi · James M Cox Dayton Intl
Median home value
$114,400
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.3%, lower than in 51% of the 4,226 measured US cities.

Employment fell 1.5% over the past year, to 14,826 employed residents.

Median household income of $45,399 is lower than in 84% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsWayne County, IN’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$47,5015th percentileof 4,101filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftWayne County, IN’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$51,0388th percentileof 4,101filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$5,5592024 ACS 5-Year$45,399Bottom 16%of 29,2232024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,7402024 ACS 5-Year$28,724Bottom 32%of 31,4202024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year24.3%Bottom 16%of 31,7732024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±1.2 min2024 ACS 5-Year20.0 minTop 18%of 31,5432024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year20.1%Bottom 49%of 31,9192024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±6%2024 ACS 5-Year77.6%51st percentileof 31,4332024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentJuly 202614,826Bottom 13%of 4,226July 2026
Employment change (3 years)July 2026−0.1%Top 47%of 4,226July 2026
Employment change (year over year)July 2026−1.5%Bottom 35%of 4,226July 2026
Labor forceJuly 202615,49213th percentileof 4,226July 2026
Labor force participation ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year68.2%Bottom 23%of 31,5132024 ACS 5-Year
Public transit to work ±0.3%2024 ACS 5-Year0.3%76th percentileof 31,4332024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026−0.6%Top 22%of 4,226July 2026
Unemployment rateJuly 20264.3%Top 49%of 4,226July 2026
Worked from home ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year4.7%35th percentileof 31,4332024 ACS 5-Year

Unemployment rate

2021/072022/072023/072024/072025/072026/075.52.7
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.3% in July 2026. It has been holding roughly steady, over a series running from 2020-01 to 2026-07. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202446k42k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $45,399 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

27% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 33% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 14.2 students for every full-time teacher across 10 public schools, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
10
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
14.2
across all schools here
Math proficiency
27.4%
Bottom 7% in Indiana
Reading proficiency
33.4%
Bottom 5% in Indiana
All 10 public schools on record, largest first.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Richmond High SchoolRichmond Community Schools1,27315.316%47%
Dennis Middle SchoolRichmond Community Schools64913.815%23%
Test Intermediate SchoolRichmond Community Schools62113.520%27%
Crestdale Elementary SchoolRichmond Community Schools37312.037%32%
Charles Elementary SchoolRichmond Community Schools35917.167%52%
Vaile Elementary SchoolRichmond Community Schools31112.032%22%
Starr Elementary SchoolRichmond Community Schools28415.842%22%
Fairview Elementary SchoolRichmond Community Schools25910.827%17%
Westview Elementary SchoolRichmond Community Schools25812.942%27%
Excel Center - Richmond · charterExcel Center - Richmond23926.6——

61.7% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Indiana’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the non-metropolitan parts of Indiana is up 51% over five years, and up 5.5% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $951 a year in real estate taxes, about 0.83% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $956, some 16% above the $822 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $956 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $38,200 a year, about 84% of the median household income here of $45,399.

The typical renter household here spends 32% of its income on rent, above the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $822 a month.

A median home at $114,400 costs 1.8 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $64,306, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Rent as a share of income
31.6%
Above the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
1.8×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$956
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$822
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$114,400
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Richmond’s median household income of $45,399, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price change (1 year)the non-metropolitan parts of Indiana’s figure2026 Q2+5.5%83rd percentileof 4,1542026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the non-metropolitan parts of Indiana’s figure2026 Q2+50.9%82nd percentileof 4,1542026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the non-metropolitan parts of Indiana’s figure2026 Q2+103.3%68th percentileof 4,1542026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.22024 ACS 5-Year1.8Top 24%of 26,8152024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year57.2%16th percentileof 31,7172024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±3322024 ACS 5-Year17,31297th percentileof 32,1772024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$729Top 3%of 4,072FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,191Top 3%of 4,072FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$956Top 4%of 4,072FY2026
Median gross rent ±$332024 ACS 5-Year$822Top 31%of 23,1202024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$5,1112024 ACS 5-Year$114,40025th percentileof 29,1112024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$552024 ACS 5-Year$95122nd percentileof 26,4402024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$5,7172024 ACS 5-Year$64,306Bottom 29%of 27,5482024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.06%2024 ACS 5-Year0.83%40th percentileof 20,5432024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year31.6%Bottom 33%of 22,9502024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±1022024 ACS 5-Year14592nd percentileof 32,3302024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year0.8%60th percentileof 31,8952024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year13.4%75th percentileof 31,7692024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±3202024 ACS 5-Year2,46398th percentileof 32,3302024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures.

Development Momentum

36/ 100
Ranks 3,254 of 4,224 published city profiles
Permitting has been rising for the last 2 years of a series running from 2020 to 2025. That is the direction of the recent run. The chart below compares the first year with the last, which can point the other way.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has been broadly flat since 2020, at 35,561 in 2024.

Federal tax returns show Wayne County, which contains Richmond, gained about 0.4% of its residents through moves within the US in the most recent year, counting those who arrived against those who left. Households that moved in reported an average income of $47,501, below the $51,038 of households that moved out.

At 0.8 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
29
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
0.8
Bottom 22% nationally
Year over year
−87%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
58.6%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

2020202120222023202436k36k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been holding roughly steady, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

People moving in and out

Net migration
+0.4%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
51%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$47,501
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$51,038
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Fayette County, IN 183 people · 8.0% of arrivals
  2. Randolph County, IN 152 people · 6.6% of arrivals
  3. Marion County, IN 129 people · 5.6% of arrivals
  4. Henry County, IN 121 people · 5.3% of arrivals
  5. Preble County, OH 120 people · 5.2% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Henry County, IN 152 people · 7.2% of departures
  2. Fayette County, IN 137 people · 6.5% of departures
  3. Marion County, IN 127 people · 6.0% of departures
  4. Preble County, OH 105 people · 5.0% of departures
  5. Randolph County, IN 95 people · 4.5% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. This is the figure for Wayne County, IN. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

Housing units permitted per year

2020202120222023202420252302.0
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2020 (+3186%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 85°F and January a low of 20°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 42.9 inches.

10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station RICHMOND WTR WKS, 1.7 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND4.8"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals42.9"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals20°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals85°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals51991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals46°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

62 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, tornado and strong wind, with inland flooding alone responsible for 58% of it.

TornadoHigh
Strong windModerate
Inland floodingModerate
EarthquakeModerate
HailModerate
Cold waveModerate
LightningModerate
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: landslide, ice storm, winter weather, hurricane, drought, wildfire, avalanche, coastal flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

Violent crime
636
per 100,000 residents · 2025 calendar year
Property crime
1,166
per 100,000 residents · 2025 calendar year

Below these are deaths rather than offenses, published for the county. The two measure different things and are not comparable with each other.

Richmond's police department reported 636 violent offenses per 100,000 residents, higher than most places with a department reporting. Property crime runs at 1,166.

Wayne County has a modeled homicide rate of about 2.9 per 100,000 residents a year, because the CDC suppresses counts this small, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at about 12.7 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 40.8 per 100,000 residents in Wayne County.

Homicide
2.9
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
12.7
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Drug overdose
40.8
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
27.2
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Offenses are reported to the FBI by Richmond’s own police department and shown only where it reported every month of the year; a partial year is withheld rather than scaled up. Reported crime is what police recorded, which is not the same as what happened. Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe the county around Richmond (Wayne County) rather than Richmond itself. Neither is part of the Area Score. How to read crime rates and death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Cost of living
Price parities are published for metropolitan areas, and this place lies outside one.
Air quality
The EPA publishes an air-quality index only where a monitor sits. There is none in this county, and a modeled value would be a different kind of number from the measured ones everywhere else on this page.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. Cost of living is published where the Bureau of Economic Analysis measures it, though not for this place. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

5 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest James M Cox Dayton Intl at 36 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year88.2%Bottom 43%of 31,5882024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle36 miBottom 22%of 4,226NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle5Top 45%of 4,226NASR current cycle
No internet access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year8.5%Bottom 44%of 31,5882024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
James M Cox Dayton IntlDAY36 mi8,502 ft
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky IntlCVG55 mi10,000 ft
Wilmington Air ParkILN65 mi10,701 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
49
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Richmond vs MarionRichmond vs Galesburg

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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
SafetyFederal Bureau of Investigation, Crime Data Explorer
Summarized offense counts by law enforcement agency
2025 calendar year
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

ZIP codes in Richmond

1 ZIP area

Every ZIP area in Richmond with census figures of its own, largest first.

ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeMedian home valueArea Score
4737444,615$50,766$130,70049