Winnebago County, WI

County Profile

171,769 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Winnebago County, WI.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

70out of 100
Area Score
Top 14% of 1,453 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 13 sources
OpportunityTop 23% of 1,463 counties measured69
SchoolsTop 49% of 1,377 counties measured51
GrowthTop 19% of 1,453 counties measured67
Housing affordabilityTop 16% of 1,462 counties measured81
Climate1,262nd of 1,463 counties measured57
Physical resilienceTop 20% of 1,463 counties measured80
AccessTop 6% of 1,463 counties measured98
Economic stabilityTop 21% of 1,463 counties measured80
The quick read

Winnebago County ranks in the top 23% of counties measured for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 3.3% and median household income of $74,925.

In the public schools here, 43% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 13.6 students for every teacher.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 1,013 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 39% on the prior year.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
171,769
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$74,925
Top 26% nationally
Density
395/sq mi
434.7 sq mi of land
Median age
38.7
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Winnebago County
Wisconsin
Nearest major airport
OSH
9 mi · Wittman Rgnl
Median home value
$225,800
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.3%, lower than in 81% of the 1,467 measured US counties.

Employment grew 0.2% over the past year, to 89,442 employed residents.

31% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 79% of measured US counties.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023$58,99750th percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023$62,08361st percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$1,4982024 ACS 5-Year$74,925Top 26%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$7932024 ACS 5-Year$40,938Top 23%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income2023$59,803Top 38%of 1,3892023
Poverty rate ±1.0%2024 ACS 5-Year9.7%Top 25%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±0.5 min2024 ACS 5-Year20.6 minTop 17%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year31.1%Top 21%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year77.3%48th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentJuly 202689,442Top 25%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (3 years)July 2026−1.3%Bottom 34%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (year over year)July 2026+0.2%Top 35%of 1,467July 2026
Labor forceJuly 202692,51975th percentileof 1,467July 2026
Labor force participation ±0.7%2024 ACS 5-Year81.3%Top 21%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Public transit to work ±0.2%2024 ACS 5-Year0.5%73rd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026+0.2%Bottom 29%of 1,467July 2026
Unemployment rateJuly 20263.3%Top 19%of 1,467July 2026
Worked from home ±0.9%2024 ACS 5-Year11.5%73rd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Unemployment rate

2021/072022/072023/072024/072025/072026/073.52.0
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.3% in July 2026. It has been holding roughly steady, over a series running from 2020-01 to 2026-07. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202475k64k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $74,925 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

Largest occupations — Oshkosh-Neenah, WI

OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Home Health and Personal Care Aides2,210$35,700
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand2,080$45,970
Registered Nurses2,050$87,340
Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators2,040$57,260
Customer Service Representatives1,990$43,240
Fast Food and Counter Workers1,960$28,610

Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

43% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 41% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 13.6 students for every full-time teacher across 42 public schools, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
47
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
13.6
across 42 of them
Math proficiency
42.9%
Top 45% in Wisconsin
Reading proficiency
40.6%
Bottom 36% in Wisconsin
The 12 largest of 47 public schools, by enrollment.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Neenah HighNeenah Joint School District2,01317.735%46%
Neenah Middle SchoolNeenah Joint School District1,91314.643%47%
West HighOshkosh Area School District1,62313.938%41%
North HighOshkosh Area School District1,26611.830%28%
Menasha HighMenasha Joint School District1,02016.226%27%
Vel Phillips Middle SchoolOshkosh Area School District83211.621%23%
Winneconne ElementaryWinneconne Community School District82313.568%57%
Maplewood MiddleMenasha Joint School District67612.137%32%
Menominee Elementary SchoolOshkosh Area School District57310.842%27%
Ready 4 Learning SchoolOshkosh Area School District52226.1——
Winneconne HighWinneconne Community School District48711.947%57%
Clovis Grove ElementaryMenasha Joint School District44812.152%33%

40.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Wisconsin’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

Prices for everything a household buys run about 9% below the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 90.8, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Metro Area is up 56% over five years, and up 5.9% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $3,679 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.63% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,149, some 19% above the $965 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,149 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $46,000 a year, about 61% of the median household income here of $74,925.

The typical renter household here spends 26% of its income on rent, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $965 a month.

A median home at $225,800 costs 2.4 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $96,047, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Cost of living
90.8

Prices here run about 9% below the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Published for the Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.

Rent as a share of income
26.1%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
2.4×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$1,149
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$965
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$225,800
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Winnebago County’s median household income of $74,925, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living indexthe Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Metro Area’s figure202390.8Top 25%of 8872023
Home price change (1 year)the Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+5.9%88th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+55.9%87th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+114.3%82nd percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.12024 ACS 5-Year2.4Top 41%of 3,2172024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year65.8%17th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±792024 ACS 5-Year77,31888th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$889Top 40%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,543Top 50%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$1,149Top 47%of 1,423FY2026
Median gross rent ±$172024 ACS 5-Year$965Bottom 35%of 3,2152024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$3,7612024 ACS 5-Year$225,80065th percentileof 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$462024 ACS 5-Year$3,67991st percentileof 3,1722024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$1,8532024 ACS 5-Year$96,047Top 17%of 3,2182024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.03%2024 ACS 5-Year1.63%93rd percentileof 3,1262024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year26.1%Top 33%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±2012024 ACS 5-Year1,10476th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year1.4%33rd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year4.6%12th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±4892024 ACS 5-Year4,65178th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.

Development Momentum

67/ 100
Top 19% of 1,453 published county profiles
Permitting has been rising for the last 2 years of a series running from 2022 to 2025. That is the direction of the recent run. The chart below compares the first year with the last, which can point the other way.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 1% since 2020, reaching 173,307 in 2024.

71% of the 1,013 units permitted over the past twelve months are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses.

Federal tax returns show that people moving in from elsewhere in the US and people moving out roughly balanced across Winnebago County in the most recent year. Households that moved in reported an average income of $58,997, close to the $62,083 of households that moved out.

At 5.9 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US counties.

Units permitted
1,013
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
5.9
Top 23% nationally
Year over year
+39%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
71.1%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

20202021202220232024173k171k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been rising for the last 3 years, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

People moving in and out

Net migration
+0.1%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
25%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$58,997
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$62,083
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Outagamie County, WI 2,162 people · 28% of arrivals
  2. Fond du Lac County, WI 578 people · 7.5% of arrivals
  3. Calumet County, WI 485 people · 6.3% of arrivals
  4. Brown County, WI 315 people · 4.1% of arrivals
  5. Milwaukee County, WI 282 people · 3.7% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Outagamie County, WI 2,232 people · 30% of departures
  2. Calumet County, WI 494 people · 6.6% of departures
  3. Fond du Lac County, WI 399 people · 5.3% of departures
  4. Brown County, WI 357 people · 4.7% of departures
  5. Waupaca County, WI 294 people · 3.9% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

Housing units permitted per year

2022202320242025682423
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+49%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 81°F and January a low of 11°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 30.6 inches.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station OSHKOSH WITTMAN AP, 8.9 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND4.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals30.6"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals11°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals81°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals51991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals53°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

80 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, cold wave and tornado, with inland flooding alone responsible for 57% of it. Cold wave is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 80% of measured US counties.

HailModerate
TornadoModerate
Inland floodingModerate
LightningModerate

Low or minimal exposure: cold wave, strong wind, winter weather, heat wave, ice storm, wildfire, earthquake, drought, landslide, hurricane, tsunami, volcanic activity, coastal flooding, avalanche.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Winnebago County has a modeled homicide rate of about 1.5 per 100,000 residents a year, because the CDC suppresses counts this small, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 7.6 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 10.5 per 100,000 residents in Winnebago County.

Homicide
1.5
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
7.6
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
10.5
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
15.7
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Winnebago County as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Air quality
The EPA publishes an air-quality index only where a monitor sits. There is none in this county, and a modeled value would be a different kind of number from the measured ones everywhere else on this page.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

4 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Wittman Rgnl at 9 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year91.6%Top 16%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle9 miTop 8%of 1,463NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle4Top 43%of 1,463NASR current cycle
No internet access ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year5.8%Top 16%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Wittman RgnlOSH9 mi8,002 ft
Appleton IntlATW14 mi8,003 ft
Green Bay/Austin Straubel IntlGRB38 mi8,700 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
70
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
Housing, IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

ZIP areas

Only ZIP areas whose income or home value differ from their city’s by at least ten percent get a profile of their own, so this is a selection rather than every ZIP code in the county.