Cowlitz County, WA

County Profile

112,360 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Cowlitz County, WA.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

52out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 15% of 1,225 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity939th of 1,255 counties42
Growth879th of 1,226 counties38
Housing affordability1021st of 1,255 counties74
ClimateTop 29% of 1,254 counties74
Physical resilience1036th of 1,255 counties32
Access767th of 1,255 counties76
Economic stability645th of 1,255 counties61
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable published profiles: unemployment is 5.0% and the Opportunity signal places Cowlitz County in the bottom 25%.

Buying strains local incomes far more than renting does — the median home is 5.2 times median household income, against a historic benchmark near three — while rent takes 19% of it.

Physical-risk exposure is above the national median, driven mainly by earthquake, inland flooding and volcanic activity.

At a glance

Population
112,360
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$76,531
Top 23% nationally
Density
98/sq mi
1141.2 sq mi of land
Median age
41.5
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Cowlitz County
Washington
Metro area
Longview-Kelso, WA
Nearest major airport
PDX
42 mi · Portland Intl
Median home value
$397,500
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 5.0% is lower than 22% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Unemployment has been falling for 4 consecutive months, most recently 5.0%.

Employment fell 0.1% over the past year, to 44,646 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$3,128$76,531Top 23%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,176$38,105Top 34%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate12.2%Bottom 41%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute27.9 minTop 35%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher17.6%Bottom 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment44,646Top 48%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-2.1%Bottom 21%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-0.1%Top 34%June 2026
Labor force47,003Top 48%June 2026
Labor force participation56.7%Bottom 40%2024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)0.7%Top 18%June 2026
Unemployment rate5.0%Top 22%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/066.23.3
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 5.0% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202477k65k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $76,531 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Longview-Kelso, WA
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Home Health and Personal Care Aides1,780$47,840
Fast Food and Counter Workers1,440$36,020
Retail Salespersons1,120$38,680
Cashiers1,050$36,350
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand900$40,510
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers770$62,930

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

There are 17.9 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
43
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
17.9
across all schools here
Math proficiency
Reading proficiency
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Kelso High SchoolKelso School District1,39019.0
R A Long High SchoolLongview School District92621.5
Mark Morris High SchoolLongview School District91220.7
Lexington ElementaryKelso School District85417.1
Woodland Middle SchoolWoodland School District73921.1
Castle Rock ElementaryCastle Rock School District73319.3
Woodland High SchoolWoodland School District66722.2
Huntington Middle SchoolKelso School District55919.3
Kalama Elem SchoolKalama School District52513.5
Monticello Middle SchoolLongview School District52518.1
Coweeman Middle SchoolKelso School District50120.0
North Fork Elementary SchoolWoodland School District47314.8

58.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Washington’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,206 takes 19% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 5.2 times median household income here, well above the historic benchmark, at a level conventionally described as seriously unaffordable.

Rent as a share of income
18.9%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
5.2×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,206
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$397,500
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income5.19Top 8%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate68.0%Bottom 23%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±9646,422Top 19%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$39$1,206Top 16%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$10,389$397,500Top 9%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income18.9%Top 29%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate5.3%Bottom 7%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
38/ 100
Ranks 879 of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 3% since 2020, reaching 113,982 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before.

Population is still rising, but more slowly than in the preceding year.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 2.2 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
252
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
2.2
Bottom 39% nationally
Year over year
−4%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024114k111k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2022202320242025581255
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2022 (−56%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 79°F and January a low of 35°F.

Air quality measures a median index of 22, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station TOLEDO FAA AP, 20.9 miles from this location.
Precipitation
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index41.02024 calendar year
Average January low35°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high79°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index22.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing26°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
22
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
41
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

32 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are earthquake, inland flooding and volcanic activity.

Volcanic activityElevated
EarthquakeHigh
Heat waveModerate
Inland floodingHigh
AvalancheModerate

Low or minimal exposure: landslide, cold wave, wildfire, coastal flooding, winter weather, strong wind, ice storm, lightning, tornado, hail.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Cowlitz County records 3.3 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 13.3 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 47.0 per 100,000 residents in Cowlitz County.

Homicide
3.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
13.3
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
47.0
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
19.5
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Cowlitz County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Cowlitz County rather than Cowlitz County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 42 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Portland IntlPDX42 mi11,000 ft
Seattle-Tacoma IntlSEA88 mi11,901 ft
Boeing Fld/King County IntlBFI94 mi10,007 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.