23438Suffolk, Virginia

Area Profile

Income, jobs, climate, physical risk and development data for ZIP code 23438.

69out of 100
Area Score
Top 20% of 5,298 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity3881st of 6,210 published ZIP areas49
GrowthTop 30% of 5,428 published ZIP areas62
Housing affordabilityTop 12% of 6,685 published ZIP areas99
ClimateTop 46% of 6,789 published ZIP areas71
Physical resilienceTop 28% of 6,709 published ZIP areas76
Access5657th of 6,791 published ZIP areas76
Economic stabilityTop 48% of 6,742 published ZIP areas61
The quick read

Unemployment is 4.1% and median household income $93,750, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published ZIP profiles.

608 housing units were authorized over the past twelve months, within 10% of the prior year — steady rather than turning.

Housing is more affordable relative to local incomes than in most published city profiles: rent takes 12% of median household income and the median home is 3.1 times it.

At a glance

Population
1,749
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$93,750
Top 23% nationally
Density
44/sq mi
39.7 sq mi of land
Median age
40.5
2024 ACS 5-Year
City
Suffolk
Virginia
Metro area
Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC
Nearest major airport
PHF
40 mi · Newport News/Williamsburg Intl
Median home value
$292,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.1% is lower than 65% of the 6,544 measured US ZIP areas.

Employment fell 1.9% over the past year, to 48,114 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$17,724$93,750Top 23%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$6,346$40,501Top 38%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate7.6%Bottom 34%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute44.9 minTop 4%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher20.9%Bottom 43%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment48,114Bottom 47%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-1.6%Bottom 25%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.9%Bottom 20%June 2026
Labor force50,181Bottom 46%June 2026
Labor force participation60.9%Top 49%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$64,130Bottom 32%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$49,430Bottom 42%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)0.4%Top 37%June 2026
Unemployment rate4.1%Bottom 35%June 2026
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202494k77k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $93,750 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers22,520$28,780
Retail Salespersons20,890$30,820
General and Operations Managers17,400$100,340
Registered Nurses16,870$89,450
Cashiers16,840$29,320
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand13,920$39,160

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish labor-force data for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Suffolk, VA, the city containing this ZIP code.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $950 takes 12% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.1 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
12.2%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.1×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$950
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$292,600
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.12Top 50%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate96.4%Top 8%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±123724Bottom 39%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$630$950Bottom 43%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$58,217$292,600Top 34%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income12.2%Bottom 12%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate7.2%Bottom 34%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
62/ 100
Top 30% of 5,428 published city profiles

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

At 6.2 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US ZIP areas.

Units permitted
608
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
6.2
Top 24% nationally
Year over year
−10%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
units in 5+ unit buildings

The Building Permits Survey is not published for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Suffolk, VA, the city containing this ZIP code.

Weather & climate

6 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 93°F and January a low of 34°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 48.6 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 37, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station FENTRESS NAAS, 32.1 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND5.8"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index47.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation48.6"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low34°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high93°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months61991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index37.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing39°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
37
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
47
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

76 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hurricane, drought and coastal flooding.

DroughtHigh
HurricaneElevated
Coastal floodingModerate
LandslideModerate

Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, heat wave, lightning, strong wind, ice storm, tornado, wildfire, inland flooding, earthquake, hail, cold wave.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. ZIP values are the land-area-weighted mean of the counties the ZIP Code Tabulation Area intersects. Expected annual loss is not allocated below county level. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Suffolk city records 3.5 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 13.3 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 11.9 per 100,000 residents in Suffolk city.

Homicide
3.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
13.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
11.9
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
12.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Suffolk city as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around 23438 rather than 23438 itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

2 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 40 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Newport News/Williamsburg IntlPHF40 mi8,003 ft
Richmond IntlRIC72 mi9,003 ft
Kinston Rgnl Jetport At Stallings FldISO100 mi11,498 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
69
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

23438 vs Suffolk

How this ZIP area compares with Suffolk as a whole. Both figures come from the same ACS release, so the comparison is like for like.

23438
Suffolk
Median household income
$93,750
vs
$92,666
Per capita income
$40,501
vs
$45,819
Population density
44/sq mi
vs
248/sq mi
Median home value
$292,600
vs
$347,400
Median gross rent
$950
vs
$1,563
Homeownership rate
96.4%
vs
70.7%
Bachelor's degree or higher
20.9%
vs
33.3%
Poverty rate
7.6%
vs
9.4%
Median age
40.5
vs
38.7

Some demographic statistics use Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, which approximate but do not exactly match USPS ZIP delivery geography. See the methodology for how AreaProfile maps between them.