23513Norfolk, Virginia

Area Profile

Income, jobs, climate, physical risk and development data for ZIP code 23513.

57out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 37% of 5,298 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity5267th of 6,210 ZIP areas measured36
Schools3851st of 4,422 ZIP areas measured22
Growth4395th of 5,428 ZIP areas measured31
Housing affordabilityTop 38% of 6,685 ZIP areas measured87
ClimateTop 31% of 6,789 ZIP areas measured75
Physical resilienceTop 20% of 6,709 ZIP areas measured82
Access4610th of 6,791 ZIP areas measured87
Economic stability3936th of 6,742 ZIP areas measured55
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable published ZIP profiles: unemployment is 4.4% and the Opportunity signal places 23513 in the bottom 15%.

In the public schools here, 19% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 13.4 students for every teacher.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published ZIP profiles, placing 23513 in the top 20% for physical resilience.

At a glance

Population
28,628
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$68,380
Bottom 44% nationally
Density
5,645/sq mi
5.1 sq mi of land
Median age
35.3
2024 ACS 5-Year
City
Norfolk
Virginia
Metro area
Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC
Nearest major airport
PHF
22 mi · Newport News/Williamsburg Intl
Median home value
$234,000
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.4% is lower than 52% of the 6,544 measured US ZIP areas.

Employment fell 2.0% over the past year, to 101,372 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$6,926$68,380Bottom 44%of 31,2952024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,803$34,453Bottom 42%of 32,8222024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate15.4%Top 30%of 32,9702024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute25.9 minBottom 40%of 32,8872024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher22.3%Bottom 47%of 33,1932024 ACS 5-Year
Employment101,372Top 34%of 6,544June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-3.7%Bottom 7%of 6,542June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-2.0%Bottom 18%of 6,544June 2026
Labor force106,039Top 34%of 6,544June 2026
Labor force participation68.2%Top 20%of 33,2522024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$64,130Bottom 32%of 6,0722025 OEWS
Median annual wage$49,430Bottom 42%of 6,0722025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)0.4%Top 34%of 6,544June 2026
Unemployment rate4.4%Bottom 48%of 6,544June 2026
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202468k56k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $68,380 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers22,520$28,780
Retail Salespersons20,890$30,820
General and Operations Managers17,400$100,340
Registered Nurses16,870$89,450
Cashiers16,840$29,320
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand13,920$39,160

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish labor-force data for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Norfolk, VA, the city containing this ZIP code.

19% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 48% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 13.4 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
7
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
13.4
across all schools here
Math proficiency
18.9%
Bottom 2% in Virginia
Reading proficiency
47.7%
Bottom 17% in Virginia
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Norview HighNorfolk City Public Schools1,58513.2
Norview MiddleNorfolk City Public Schools1,19614.822%57%
Coleman Place ElementaryNorfolk City Public Schools55113.114%39%
Tanners Creek ElementaryNorfolk City Public Schools51712.914%37%
Norview ElementaryNorfolk City Public Schools41213.318%45%
Sherwood Forest ElementaryNorfolk City Public Schools40612.324%49%
The Academy of International Studies at RosemontNorfolk City Public Schools0

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Virginia’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Prices for everything a household buys run about 2% below the national average, on the Bureau of Economic Analysis index. Housing drives most of that difference.

A new two-bedroom lease runs about $1,590, some 30% above the $1,226 tenants already here pay — the market has moved faster than sitting tenancies have.

Median rent of $1,226 takes 22% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.4 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Cost of living
97.7

Prices here run about 2% below the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Rent as a share of income
21.5%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.4×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,226
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$234,000
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living index97.7Bottom 40%of 6,0712023
Home price to income3.42Top 41%of 30,4042024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate56.1%Bottom 13%of 32,9102024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±66712,952Top 11%of 33,7722024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroom$1,400FY2026
Market rent, three bedroom$2,210FY2026
Market rent, two bedroom$1,590FY2026
Median gross rent ±$62$1,226Top 34%of 26,6182024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$11,592$234,000Top 46%of 30,9412024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income21.5%Top 27%of 26,4702024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate8.3%Bottom 39%of 33,0282024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
31/ 100
Ranks 4395 of 5,428 published city profiles

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

68% of recently permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses.

At 2.1 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US ZIP areas.

Units permitted
483
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
2.1
Bottom 41% nationally
Year over year
+50%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
68.1%
units in 5+ unit buildings

The Building Permits Survey is not published for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Norfolk, VA, the city containing this ZIP code.

Weather & climate

6 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 89°F and January a low of 34°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 49.2 inches, including 6.2 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 32, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station NORFOLK INTL AP, 2.7 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND6.1"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index52.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation49.2"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall6.2"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low34°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high89°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months61991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index32.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing39°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
32
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
52
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

82 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hurricane and coastal flooding.

HurricaneElevated
Coastal floodingElevated

Low or minimal exposure: heat wave, lightning, earthquake, inland flooding, tornado, strong wind, cold wave, winter weather, ice storm, hail, wildfire, landslide.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. ZIP values are the land-area-weighted mean of the counties the ZIP Code Tabulation Area intersects. Expected annual loss is not allocated below county level. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Norfolk city records 10.8 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, higher than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 17.3 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 19.1 per 100,000 residents in Norfolk city.

Homicide
10.8
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
17.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
19.1
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
13.0
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Norfolk city as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around 23513 rather than 23513 itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Cost of living now is — the index above is the Bureau of Economic Analysis price parity for this area — but it is a price level for all consumption rather than a budget for a household, its spread is driven mostly by housing, and it excludes taxes. Housing affordability is computed separately from rent, price and income, because that answers a narrower and more actionable question. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

2 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 22 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Newport News/Williamsburg IntlPHF22 mi8,003 ft
Richmond IntlRIC73 mi9,003 ft
Kinston Rgnl Jetport At Stallings FldISO132 mi11,498 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
57
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
HousingU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023Annually, each December
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026Annually, each October for the coming fiscal year
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

23513 vs Norfolk

How this ZIP area compares with Norfolk as a whole. Both figures come from the same ACS release, so the comparison is like for like.

23513
Norfolk
Median household income
$68,380
vs
$66,109
Per capita income
$34,453
vs
$39,457
Population density
5,645/sq mi
vs
4,385/sq mi
Median home value
$234,000
vs
$289,900
Median gross rent
$1,226
vs
$1,321
Homeownership rate
56.1%
vs
46.3%
Bachelor's degree or higher
22.3%
vs
33.5%
Poverty rate
15.4%
vs
16.5%
Median age
35.3
vs
32.7

Some demographic statistics use Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, which approximate but do not exactly match USPS ZIP delivery geography. See the methodology for how AreaProfile maps between them.