Rolla, Missouri

Area Profile

20,287 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Rolla, in Phelps County.

68out of 100
Area Score
Top 25% of 2,944 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 35% of 3,904 published cities63
SchoolsTop 39% of 2,668 published cities60
GrowthTop 4% of 2,973 published cities81
Housing affordabilityTop 47% of 4,223 published cities83
ClimateTop 40% of 4,223 published cities72
Physical resilienceTop 31% of 4,182 published cities75
Access4160th of 4,226 published cities37
Economic stability4054th of 4,226 published cities26
The quick read

Unemployment is 4.1% and median household income $46,204, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published city profiles.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 176 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 209% on the prior year.

The nearest major airport is 94 miles away, which is farther than most measured US cities.

At a glance

Population
20,287
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$46,204
Bottom 17% nationally
Density
1,673/sq mi
12.1 sq mi of land
Median age
28.2
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Phelps County
Missouri
Metro area
Rolla, MO
Nearest major airport
STL
94 mi · St Louis Lambert Intl
Median home value
$187,000
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.1% is lower than 59% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment grew 1.1% over the past year, to 20,394 employed residents.

36% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 77% of measured US cities.

Median household income of $46,204 is below 83% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$3,783$46,204Bottom 17%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,502$25,226Bottom 21%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate23.6%Top 18%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute15.3 minBottom 6%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher35.6%Top 23%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment20,394Bottom 26%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)3.1%Top 14%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)1.1%Top 12%June 2026
Labor force21,263Bottom 26%June 2026
Labor force participation52.8%Bottom 27%2024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.4%Bottom 21%June 2026
Unemployment rate4.1%Bottom 41%June 2026
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202446k37k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $46,204 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes city-level labor data only for places of 25,000 or more. This is the figure for Phelps County, MO, which contains this city.

43% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 49% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 15.1 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
9
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
15.1
across all schools here
Math proficiency
42.7%
Top 36% in Missouri
Reading proficiency
49.1%
Top 45% in Missouri
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
ROLLA SR. HIGHROLLA 311,39819.4
ROLLA MIDDLEROLLA 3185716.235%50%
ROLLA JR. HIGHROLLA 3157714.137%42%
HARRY S. TRUMAN ELEM.ROLLA 3144812.842%47%
COL. JOHN B. WYMAN ELEM.ROLLA 3144113.052%52%
MARK TWAIN ELEM.ROLLA 3144012.657%57%
B W ROBINSON SCHOOLMO SCHLS FOR THE SEV DISABLED283.5
ROLLA TECHNICAL INST.ROLLA 310
ROLLA TECHNICAL CTR.ROLLA 310

46.4% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Missouri’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $789 takes 20% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 4.0 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
20.5%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
4.0×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$789
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$187,000
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income4.05Top 26%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate39.4%Bottom 4%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±3249,238Top 7%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$27$789Bottom 27%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$25,262$187,000Top 50%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income20.5%Top 38%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate13.3%Top 39%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
81/ 100
Top 4% of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 4% since 2020, reaching 20,660 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before.

Population is still rising, but more slowly than in the preceding year.

At 8.7 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
176
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
8.7
Top 16% nationally
Year over year
+209%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
35.2%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202421k20k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
20202021202220232024202513625
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2020 (+244%).

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 88°F and January a low of 22°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 43.1 inches.

10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station VICHY ROLLA NATIONAL AP, 12.8 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND5.3"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation43.1"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low22°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high88°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing46°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

75 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are cold wave, earthquake and ice storm.

Ice stormElevated
EarthquakeHigh
Cold waveModerate
Winter weatherModerate
LandslideModerate
LightningModerate

Low or minimal exposure: heat wave, strong wind, wildfire, inland flooding, tornado, hail, drought, hurricane.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Phelps County records 4.4 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 22.1 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 16.1 per 100,000 residents in Phelps County.

Homicide
4.4
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
22.1
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
16.1
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
19.9
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Phelps County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Rolla rather than Rolla itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 94 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
St Louis Lambert IntlSTL94 mi11,020 ft
Springfield-Branson NtlSGF101 mi8,000 ft
St Louis RgnlALN113 mi8,099 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
68
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Put Rolla side by side with a similar place.

Rolla vs RichmondRolla vs ValleyRolla vs SedaliaRolla vs Bryan

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Rolla

1 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
6540132,714$56,08169