Greenfield, MA
Micro Area Profile
70,944 residents. Jobs, income, development, climate and physical risk across the Greenfield, MA micropolitan area.
How this area ranks
Data updated · 8 sourcesEmployment conditions sit below most comparable metro and micro areas measured: unemployment is 4.6% and the Opportunity signal places Greenfield in the bottom 28%.
Residential permitting has slowed: 63 units authorized over the past twelve months, 23% below the prior year.
Rent takes 34% of renter income here, at or above the threshold conventionally called cost-burdened, while buying strains owner incomes less — the median home is 3.7 times what its owners earn, against a historic benchmark near three.
These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.
At a glance
Jobs & opportunity
Unemployment of 4.6% — higher than in all but 34% of the 835 measured US metro and micro areas.
Employment fell 4.8% over the past year, to 33,450 employed residents.
41% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 90% of measured US metro and micro areas.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income ±$3,3042024 ACS 5-Year | $74,907 | Top 27%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per capita income ±$1,1912024 ACS 5-Year | $42,563 | Top 20%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Poverty rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 11.5% | Top 38%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Average commute ±0.7 min2024 ACS 5-Year | 25.3 min | Bottom 36%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Bachelor's degree or higher ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 40.6% | Top 10%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Drove alone to work ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 70.3% | 14th percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| EmploymentJuly 2026 | 33,450 | Bottom 45%of 835 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (3 years)July 2026 | −6.0% | Bottom 5%of 835 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (year over year)July 2026 | −4.8% | Bottom 4%of 835 | July 2026 |
| Labor forceJuly 2026 | 35,056 | 45th percentileof 835 | July 2026 |
| Labor force participation ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 80.4% | Top 24%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Public transit to work ±0.4%2024 ACS 5-Year | 1.0% | 83rd percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026 | +0.3% | Bottom 23%of 835 | July 2026 |
| Unemployment rateJuly 2026 | 4.6% | Bottom 34%of 835 | July 2026 |
| Worked from home ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 15.1% | 89th percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
Unemployment rate
42% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 46% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.
There are 10.2 students for every full-time teacher across 34 public schools, fewer than in most measured places.
| School | District | Students | Per teacher | Math | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franklin County Technical | Franklin County Regional Vocational Technical | 643 | 11.9 | 47% | 37% |
| Frontier Regional | Frontier | 588 | 11.1 | 56% | 56% |
| Ralph C Mahar Regional | Ralph C Mahar | 509 | 9.1 | 40% | 48% |
| Fisher Hill School | Orange | 494 | 12.7 | 22% | 23% |
| Greenfield High | Greenfield | 404 | 10.9 | 37% | 34% |
| Greenfield Middle | Greenfield | 325 | 11.6 | 29% | 32% |
| Mohawk Trail Regional School | Mohawk Trail | 316 | 9.6 | 32% | 52% |
| Deerfield Elementary | Deerfield | 301 | 8.9 | 48% | 62% |
| Buckland-Shelburne Regional | Mohawk Trail | 270 | 15.0 | 47% | 57% |
| Pioneer Valley Regional | Pioneer Valley | 239 | 10.9 | 52% | 57% |
| Great Falls Middle | Gill-Montague | 228 | 9.9 | 28% | 31% |
| Four Rivers Charter Public School · charter | Four Rivers Charter Public | 213 | 9.7 | 67% | 72% |
Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Massachusetts’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.
Housing & affordability
How it’s calculated — housing affordability →Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $4,720 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.43% of the median home value.
The typical renter household here spends 34% of its income on rent, above the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,177 a month.
A median home at $329,000 costs 3.7 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $88,952, above the historic benchmark of about 3 times income.
The figures above are measured against Greenfield’s median household income of $74,907, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Home price to income ±0.12024 ACS 5-Year | 3.7 | Bottom 19%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Homeownership rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 70.1% | 51st percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Housing units ±1182024 ACS 5-Year | 34,528 | 48th percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median gross rent ±$472024 ACS 5-Year | $1,177 | Bottom 25%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median home value ±$5,8252024 ACS 5-Year | $329,000 | 80th percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median property taxes ±$792024 ACS 5-Year | $4,720 | 94th percentileof 933 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Owner household income ±$2,8342024 ACS 5-Year | $88,952 | Top 32%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Property tax rate ±0.03%2024 ACS 5-Year | 1.43% | 84th percentileof 932 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Rent as a share of income ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year | 34.2% | Bottom 6%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Seasonal and second homes ±1792024 ACS 5-Year | 1,068 | 52nd percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year | 3.1% | 64th percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year | 5.5% | 23rd percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacant housing units ±3562024 ACS 5-Year | 2,958 | 33rd percentileof 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures.
Growth & development
How it’s calculated — growth →Development Momentum
An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.
Population has been broadly flat since 2020, at 70,871 in 2024.
New construction is predominantly single-family: of 63 units permitted over the past twelve months, none were in buildings of five or more homes.
At 0.9 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US metro and micro areas.
Population, annual estimates
Weather & climate
5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 84°F and January a low of 14°F.
Normal annual precipitation is 42.2 inches.
Precipitation
| Metric | Value | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals | 42.2" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average January low1991-2020 Normals | 14°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average July high1991-2020 Normals | 84°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals | 5 | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals | 48°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. How to read climate and air quality.
Physical risk
The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, hurricane and cold wave, with inland flooding alone responsible for 70% of it. Cold wave is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.
Low or minimal exposure: landslide, cold wave, strong wind, earthquake, avalanche, winter weather, hail, wildfire, coastal flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity.
Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. This value is the population-weighted mean of all component counties; expected annual loss is their sum. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.
What this profile does not cover
Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.
- Reported crime
- Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
- Cost of living
- Price parities are published for metropolitan areas, and this place lies outside one.
- Death-certificate rates
- The CDC publishes these rates by county, so a metropolitan area carries none of its own. The county profiles inside it do.
- Air quality
- The EPA publishes an air-quality index by county, and only where a monitor sits, so a metropolitan area carries none of its own. The county profiles inside it show it where one exists.
- Taxes
- Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. Cost of living is published where the Bureau of Economic Analysis measures it, though not for this place. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
- Anything about a specific address
- Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.
Access
7 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Westover ARB/Metro at 27 miles.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broadband access ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 91.3% | Top 21%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Distance to major airportNASR current cycle | 27 mi | Top 31%of 835 | NASR current cycle |
| Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle | 7 | Top 6%of 835 | NASR current cycle |
| No internet access ±1.0%2024 ACS 5-Year | 6.8% | Top 31%of 935 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Airport | Code | Distance | Longest runway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Westover ARB/Metro | CEF | 27 mi | 11,597 ft |
| Westfield-Barnes Rgnl | BAF | 30 mi | 9,000 ft |
| Bradley Intl | BDL | 45 mi | 9,510 ft |
Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
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Similar places
Matched on AreaProfile signals, not geographyData & methodology
| Used for | Source | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| Access | Federal Aviation Administration Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service | NASR current cycle |
| Physical risk | Federal Emergency Management Agency National Risk Index | National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0) |
| Climate | NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly) | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics | July 2026 |
| Demographics | U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program | July 1, 2024 estimate |
| Development | U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey | 12 months ending July 2026 |
| Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, Jobs | U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File) | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Schools | U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments | 2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year |
| Current conditions | NOAA National Weather Service National Weather Service current conditions | Live observation, read when the page opens |
Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.