Washington County, MD
County Profile
155,709 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Washington County, MD.
Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.
How this area ranks
Data updated · 14 sourcesUnemployment is 4.2% and median household income $77,747, putting employment conditions in the middle range of counties measured.
In the public schools here, 39% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 15.4 students for every teacher.
Residential permitting has slowed: 201 units authorized over the past twelve months, 43% below the prior year. That follows a longer stretch moving the other way, through 2025.
These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.
At a glance
Jobs & opportunity
Unemployment of 4.2% — higher than in all but 47% of the 1,467 measured US counties.
Employment fell 0.6% over the past year, to 67,532 employed residents.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023 | $55,612 | 41st percentileof 1,417 | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023 | $56,197 | 45th percentileof 1,417 | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Median household income ±$1,7582024 ACS 5-Year | $77,747 | Top 21%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per capita income ±$1,2532024 ACS 5-Year | $39,035 | Top 29%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per-capita personal income2023 | $56,523 | Top 49%of 1,389 | 2023 |
| Poverty rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 11.8% | Top 41%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Average commute ±0.8 min2024 ACS 5-Year | 30.2 min | Bottom 22%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Bachelor's degree or higher ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 24.1% | Top 42%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Drove alone to work ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year | 74.3% | 30th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| EmploymentJuly 2026 | 67,532 | Top 32%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (3 years)July 2026 | −0.3% | Bottom 45%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (year over year)July 2026 | −0.6% | Bottom 49%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Labor forceJuly 2026 | 70,528 | 68th percentileof 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Labor force participation ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 74.1% | Bottom 43%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Public transit to work ±0.5%2024 ACS 5-Year | 1.1% | 88th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026 | −0.5% | Top 27%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Unemployment rateJuly 2026 | 4.2% | Bottom 47%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Worked from home ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 12.4% | 77th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
Unemployment rate
Median household income, successive ACS releases
Largest occupations — Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV
| Occupation | People employed | Median annual wage |
|---|---|---|
| Retail Salespersons | 3,820 | $31,490 |
| Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand | 2,980 | $38,100 |
| General and Operations Managers | 2,820 | $92,420 |
| Cashiers | 2,630 | $31,200 |
| Stockers and Order Fillers | 2,590 | $37,190 |
| Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers | 2,360 | $56,310 |
Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.
Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
39% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 52% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.
There are 15.4 students for every full-time teacher across 41 public schools, more than in most measured places.
| School | District | Students | Per teacher | Math | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Hagerstown High | Washington County Public Schools | 1,690 | 17.6 | 27% | 63% |
| North Hagerstown High | Washington County Public Schools | 1,583 | 19.1 | 37% | 66% |
| Williamsport High | Washington County Public Schools | 1,061 | 18.6 | 37% | 62% |
| Western Heights Middle | Washington County Public Schools | 883 | 12.1 | 22% | 40% |
| E. Russell Hicks Middle | Washington County Public Schools | 841 | 13.8 | 35% | 48% |
| Northern Middle | Washington County Public Schools | 841 | 13.8 | 24% | 42% |
| Boonsboro High | Washington County Public Schools | 838 | 16.8 | 52% | 67% |
| Springfield Middle | Washington County Public Schools | 808 | 15.8 | 38% | 48% |
| Pangborn Elementary | Washington County Public Schools | 749 | 13.4 | 19% | 24% |
| Smithsburg High | Washington County Public Schools | 733 | 18.3 | 52% | 72% |
| Salem Avenue Elementary | Washington County Public Schools | 713 | 14.3 | 29% | 35% |
| Maugansville Elementary | Washington County Public Schools | 698 | 14.9 | 39% | 39% |
58.1% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.
Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Maryland’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.
Housing & affordability
How it’s calculated — housing affordability →Prices for everything a household buys run about 5% below the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 95.4, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV Metro Area is up 41% over five years, and up 0.9% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.
Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $2,481 a year in real estate taxes, about 0.84% of the median home value.
HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,261, some 10% above the $1,147 tenants already here pay.
At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,261 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $50,400 a year, about 65% of the median household income here of $77,747.
The typical renter household here spends 29% of its income on rent, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,147 a month.
A median home at $296,100 costs 3.0 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $97,791, above the historic benchmark of about 3 times income.
Prices here run about 5% below the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.
Published for the Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.
The figures above are measured against Washington County’s median household income of $77,747, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of living indexthe Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV Metro Area’s figure2023 | 95.4 | Bottom 44%of 887 | 2023 |
| Home price change (1 year)the Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +0.9% | 11th percentileof 1,431 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price change (5 years)the Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +40.7% | 33rd percentileof 1,431 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price change (10 years)the Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +81.5% | 31st percentileof 1,431 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price to income ±0.22024 ACS 5-Year | 3.0 | Bottom 28%of 3,218 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Homeownership rate ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 66.8% | 19th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Housing units ±1812024 ACS 5-Year | 64,145 | 86th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Market rent, one bedroomFY2026 | $961 | Top 50%of 1,423 | FY2026 |
| Market rent, three bedroomFY2026 | $1,700 | Bottom 37%of 1,423 | FY2026 |
| Market rent, two bedroomFY2026 | $1,261 | Bottom 41%of 1,423 | FY2026 |
| Median gross rent ±$272024 ACS 5-Year | $1,147 | Bottom 20%of 3,216 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median home value ±$6,1872024 ACS 5-Year | $296,100 | 80th percentileof 3,219 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median property taxes ±$512024 ACS 5-Year | $2,481 | 76th percentileof 3,172 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Owner household income ±$4,4022024 ACS 5-Year | $97,791 | Top 15%of 3,218 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Property tax rate ±0.02%2024 ACS 5-Year | 0.84% | 53rd percentileof 3,126 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Rent as a share of income ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 28.8% | Bottom 40%of 3,217 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Seasonal and second homes ±2122024 ACS 5-Year | 396 | 53rd percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year | 0.6% | 15th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year | 6.1% | 26th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacant housing units ±5822024 ACS 5-Year | 4,327 | 76th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.
Growth & development
How it’s calculated — growth →Development Momentum
An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.
Population has grown 2% since 2020, reaching 157,228 in 2024.
Permitting has turned upward after moving the other way the year before: 354 units authorized in 2025, up 53% on the prior year.
New construction is predominantly single-family: of 201 units permitted over the past twelve months, only 6% are in buildings of five or more homes.
Federal tax returns show Washington County gained about 0.6% of its residents through moves within the US in the most recent year, counting those who arrived against those who left. Households that moved in reported an average income of $55,612, close to the $56,197 of households that moved out.
At 1.3 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US counties.
Population, annual estimates
People moving in and out
Where newcomers came from
- Frederick County, MD 1,711 people · 23% of arrivals
- Montgomery County, MD 836 people · 11% of arrivals
- Berkeley County, WV 558 people · 7.7% of arrivals
- Franklin County, PA 546 people · 7.5% of arrivals
- Prince George's County, MD 257 people · 3.5% of arrivals
Where people who left went
- Berkeley County, WV 900 people · 14% of departures
- Frederick County, MD 895 people · 14% of departures
- Franklin County, PA 851 people · 13% of departures
- Montgomery County, MD 319 people · 4.9% of departures
- Allegany County, MD 103 people · 1.6% of departures
Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.
Housing units permitted per year
Weather & climate
6 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 87°F and January a low of 25°F.
Normal annual precipitation is 35.6 inches.
Air quality measures a median index of 40, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.
Precipitation
| Metric | Value | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| 90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year | 58 | 2024 calendar year |
| Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals | 35.6" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average January low1991-2020 Normals | 25°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average July high1991-2020 Normals | 87°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals | 6 | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year | 0 | 2024 calendar year |
| Median air quality index2024 calendar year | 40 | 2024 calendar year |
| Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals | 45°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
Air quality
A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.
Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.
Physical risk
The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, hurricane and tornado, with inland flooding alone responsible for 54% of it. inland flooding and tornado are independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large those hazards are.
Overall hazard risk is lower than 89% of measured US counties.
Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, landslide, heat wave, earthquake, inland flooding, lightning, strong wind, hail, tornado, wildfire, avalanche, ice storm, coastal flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity.
Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.
These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.
Washington County has a modeled homicide rate of about 3.5 per 100,000 residents a year, because the CDC suppresses counts this small, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.
Firearm deaths of all intents run at 10.3 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.
Drug overdose deaths run at 25.0 per 100,000 residents in Washington County.
Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.
Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Washington County as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.
What this profile does not cover
Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.
- Reported crime
- Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
- Taxes
- Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
- Anything about a specific address
- Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.
Access
4 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Washington Dulles Intl at 49 miles.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broadband access ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 88.5% | Top 37%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Distance to major airportNASR current cycle | 49 mi | Bottom 32%of 1,463 | NASR current cycle |
| Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle | 4 | Top 43%of 1,463 | NASR current cycle |
| No internet access ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 9.7% | Top 46%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Airport | Code | Distance | Longest runway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Washington Dulles Intl | IAD | 49 mi | 11,500 ft |
| Baltimore/Washington Intl Thurgood Marshall | BWI | 68 mi | 10,503 ft |
| Harrisburg Intl | MDT | 69 mi | 10,001 ft |
Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
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Similar places
Matched on AreaProfile signals, not geographyData & methodology
| Used for | Source | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| Access | Federal Aviation Administration Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service | NASR current cycle |
| Physical risk | Federal Emergency Management Agency National Risk Index | National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0) |
| Demographics, Income | Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county) | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Climate | NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly) | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Housing, Income | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional price parities and county personal income | 2023 |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics | July 2026 |
| Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, Jobs | U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File) | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Development | U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey | 12 months ending July 2026 |
| Demographics | U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program | July 1, 2024 estimate |
| Safety | U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics Provisional county-level mortality by intent | March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026 |
| Schools | U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments | 2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year |
| Housing | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research Fair Market Rents | FY2026 |
| Climate | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System Daily Air Quality Index by county | 2024 calendar year |
| Housing | U.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions) | 2026 Q2 |
| Current conditions | NOAA National Weather Service National Weather Service current conditions | Live observation, read when the page opens |
Profile recalculated September 26, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.
Cities in Washington County, MD
ZIP areas
Only ZIP areas whose income or home value differ from their city’s by at least ten percent get a profile of their own, so this is a selection rather than every ZIP code in the county.