Wapello County, IA

County Profile

35,362 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Wapello County, IA.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

46out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 10% of 1,453 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 13 sources
Opportunity1,202nd of 1,463 counties measured38
Schools1,218th of 1,377 counties measured18
GrowthTop 45% of 1,453 counties measured53
Housing affordabilityTop 42% of 1,462 counties measured75
Climate1,202nd of 1,463 counties measured59
Physical resilience1,085th of 1,463 counties measured39
Access1,251st of 1,463 counties measured57
Economic stability995th of 1,463 counties measured46
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable counties measured: unemployment is 4.3% and the Opportunity signal places Wapello County in the bottom 18%.

In the public schools here, 61% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 14.5 students for every teacher.

Rent takes 29% of renter income here, below the 30% threshold conventionally called cost-burdened, and the median home is 1.6 times what its owners earn.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
35,362
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$64,766
Bottom 49% nationally
Density
82/sq mi
431.8 sq mi of land
Median age
39.2
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Wapello County
Iowa
Micro area
Nearest major airport
CID
69 mi · The Eastern Iowa
Median home value
$125,100
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.3% — higher than in all but 42% of the 1,467 measured US counties.

Employment fell 2.3% over the past year, to 16,272 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023$40,9433rd percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023$48,13117th percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$4,2242024 ACS 5-Year$64,766Bottom 49%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,1442024 ACS 5-Year$33,358Bottom 42%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income2023$46,934Bottom 13%of 1,3892023
Poverty rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year15.3%Bottom 35%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±1.2 min2024 ACS 5-Year20.9 minTop 19%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year19.6%Bottom 36%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year78.5%56th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentJuly 202616,272Bottom 23%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (3 years)July 2026−0.6%Bottom 42%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (year over year)July 2026−2.3%Bottom 17%of 1,467July 2026
Labor forceJuly 202617,00123rd percentileof 1,467July 2026
Labor force participation ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year77.3%Top 41%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Public transit to work ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year0.8%84th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026−0.4%Top 32%of 1,467July 2026
Unemployment rateJuly 20264.3%Bottom 42%of 1,467July 2026
Worked from home ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year5.5%21st percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Unemployment rate

2021/072022/072023/072024/072025/072026/075.32.5
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.3% in July 2026. It has been rising for the last 3 months, over a series running from 2020-01 to 2026-07. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202465k51k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $64,766 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

61% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 58% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 14.5 students for every full-time teacher across 16 public schools, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
16
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
14.5
across all schools here
Math proficiency
61.2%
Bottom 17% in Iowa
Reading proficiency
57.7%
Bottom 1% in Iowa
The 12 largest of 16 public schools, by enrollment.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Ottumwa High SchoolOttumwa Comm School District91016.961%58%
Evans Junior High SchoolOttumwa Comm School District68413.257%51%
Liberty Intermediate SchoolOttumwa Comm School District63314.154%50%
Pickwick Early Childhood CenterOttumwa Comm School District56023.3——
Cardinal ElementaryCardinal Comm School District49513.067%72%
Eddyville-Blakesburg-Fremont Jr/Sr HighEddyville-Blakesburg- Fremont CSD43114.462%58%
Wilson Elementary SchoolOttumwa Comm School District33512.457%47%
Douma Elementary SchoolOttumwa Comm School District32711.7——
Cardinal Junior HighCardinal Comm School District31418.554%58%
Eddyville ElementaryEddyville-Blakesburg- Fremont CSD27412.577%62%
Cardinal High SchoolCardinal Comm School District27012.942%55%
Horace Mann Elementary SchoolOttumwa Comm School District25013.272%62%

47.9% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Iowa’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the non-metropolitan parts of Iowa is up 40% over five years, and up 3.1% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $1,974 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.58% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,068, some 16% above the $920 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,068 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $42,700 a year, about 66% of the median household income here of $64,766.

The typical renter household here spends 29% of its income on rent, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $920 a month.

A median home at $125,100 costs 1.6 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $78,998, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Rent as a share of income
28.8%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
1.6×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$1,068
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$920
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$125,100
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Wapello County’s median household income of $64,766, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price change (1 year)the non-metropolitan parts of Iowa’s figure2026 Q2+3.1%38th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the non-metropolitan parts of Iowa’s figure2026 Q2+39.6%27th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the non-metropolitan parts of Iowa’s figure2026 Q2+74.3%20th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.22024 ACS 5-Year1.6Top 7%of 3,2172024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year68.4%24th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±342024 ACS 5-Year15,73057th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$814Top 28%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,354Top 33%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$1,068Top 36%of 1,423FY2026
Median gross rent ±$482024 ACS 5-Year$920Bottom 41%of 3,2152024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$7,7322024 ACS 5-Year$125,10020th percentileof 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$1302024 ACS 5-Year$1,97464th percentileof 3,1722024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$5,8242024 ACS 5-Year$78,998Top 44%of 3,2182024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.14%2024 ACS 5-Year1.58%92nd percentileof 3,1262024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year28.8%Bottom 40%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±982024 ACS 5-Year17632nd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year1.1%28th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year9.9%56th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±2752024 ACS 5-Year1,73349th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures.

Development Momentum

53/ 100
Top 45% of 1,453 published county profiles
Permitting has been rising for the last 2 years of a series running from 2022 to 2025. That is the direction of the recent run. The chart below compares the first year with the last, which can point the other way.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 1% since 2020, reaching 35,681 in 2024.

Population is still rising but the pace is easing: 35,681 residents in 2024, up 0.7% over the year, a smaller gain than the year before.

Federal tax returns show that people moving in from elsewhere in the US and people moving out roughly balanced across Wapello County in the most recent year. Households that moved in reported an average income of $40,943, below the $48,131 of households that moved out.

At 1.5 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US counties.

Units permitted
54
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
1.5
Bottom 28% nationally
Year over year
+29%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
27.8%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

2020202120222023202436k35k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been rising for the last 2 years, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

People moving in and out

Net migration
−0.1%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
46%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$40,943
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$48,131
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Mahaska County, IA 113 people · 7.7% of arrivals
  2. Jefferson County, IA 88 people · 6.0% of arrivals
  3. Davis County, IA 85 people · 5.8% of arrivals
  4. Polk County, IA 55 people · 3.7% of arrivals
  5. Monroe County, IA 54 people · 3.7% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Polk County, IA 145 people · 9.7% of departures
  2. Mahaska County, IA 107 people · 7.1% of departures
  3. Keokuk County, IA 63 people · 4.2% of departures
  4. Jefferson County, IA 55 people · 3.7% of departures
  5. Davis County, IA 53 people · 3.5% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

Housing units permitted per year

2022202320242025506.0
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+138%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 86°F and January a low of 14°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 37.0 inches, including 23.6 inches of snow.

0°20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station OTTUMWA INDUSTRIAL AP, 5.6 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND5.4"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals37.0"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall1991-2020 Normals23.6"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals14°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals86°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals51991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals52°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

39 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, tornado and drought, with inland flooding alone responsible for 51% of it. Tornado is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.

DroughtHigh
Heat waveModerate
Strong windModerate
Inland floodingElevated
LightningModerate
Cold waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: tornado, landslide, hail, wildfire, winter weather, ice storm, earthquake, hurricane, avalanche, tsunami, volcanic activity, coastal flooding.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Wapello County has a modeled homicide rate of about 3.8 per 100,000 residents a year, because the CDC suppresses counts this small, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at about 15.5 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at about 9.8 per 100,000 residents in Wapello County.

Homicide
3.8
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
15.5
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Drug overdose
9.8
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Suicide
19.9
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Wapello County as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Cost of living
Price parities are published for metropolitan areas, and this place lies outside one.
Air quality
The EPA publishes an air-quality index only where a monitor sits. There is none in this county, and a modeled value would be a different kind of number from the measured ones everywhere else on this page.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. Cost of living is published where the Bureau of Economic Analysis measures it, though not for this place. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

2 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest The Eastern Iowa at 69 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year86.3%Bottom 46%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle69 miBottom 15%of 1,463NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle2Bottom 15%of 1,463NASR current cycle
No internet access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year10.1%Top 49%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
The Eastern IowaCID69 mi8,600 ft
Des Moines IntlDSM74 mi9,004 ft
Quad Cities IntlMLI103 mi10,002 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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46
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

Cities in Wapello County, IA

ZIP areas

Only ZIP areas whose income or home value differ from their city’s by at least ten percent get a profile of their own, so this is a selection rather than every ZIP code in the county.