Charleston, West Virginia

Area Profile

47,421 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Charleston, in Kanawha County.

47out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 9% of 2,944 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity2653rd of 3,904 published cities48
SchoolsTop 48% of 2,668 published cities53
Growth2859th of 2,973 published cities14
Housing affordabilityTop 11% of 4,223 published cities99
ClimateTop 29% of 4,223 published cities75
Physical resilience3309th of 4,182 published cities25
Access4203rd of 4,226 published cities0
Economic stability3731st of 4,226 published cities35
The quick read

Residential permitting has slowed: 4 units authorized over the past twelve months, 78% below the prior year.

Housing is more affordable relative to local incomes than in most published city profiles: rent takes 17% of median household income and the median home is 3.1 times it.

Physical-risk exposure is above the national median, driven mainly by inland flooding, strong wind and winter weather.

At a glance

Population
47,421
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$65,812
Bottom 48% nationally
Density
1,510/sq mi
31.4 sq mi of land
Median age
43.0
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Kanawha County
West Virginia
Metro area
Charleston, WV
Nearest major airport
LCK
123 mi · Rickenbacker Intl
Median home value
$203,300
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.0% is lower than 62% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment fell 1.6% over the past year, to 21,538 employed residents.

45% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 85% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$4,311$65,812Bottom 48%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,711$49,097Top 18%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate15.8%Top 34%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute18.3 minBottom 12%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher45.2%Top 15%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment21,538Bottom 27%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-5.4%Bottom 2%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.6%Bottom 31%June 2026
Labor force22,446Bottom 27%June 2026
Labor force participation57.8%Bottom 41%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$58,170Bottom 9%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$45,830Bottom 8%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)0.1%Top 47%June 2026
Unemployment rate4.0%Bottom 38%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/065.72.7
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.0% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202466k54k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $65,812 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Charleston, WV
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Registered Nurses4,320$80,230
Home Health and Personal Care Aides3,200$28,680
Retail Salespersons2,650$29,050
Cooks, Fast Food2,230$23,180
Cashiers2,170$26,280
General and Operations Managers2,160$83,190

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

35% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 40% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 15.7 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
17
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
15.7
across all schools here
Math proficiency
34.8%
Top 46% in West Virginia
Reading proficiency
40.2%
Top 46% in West Virginia
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
George Washington High SchoolKanawha County Schools1,14522.5
Capital High SchoolKanawha County Schools1,05117.5
John Adams Middle SchoolKanawha County Schools74018.037%57%
Elk Elementary CenterKanawha County Schools47514.037%39%
Mary C. Snow West Side ElementaryKanawha County Schools45313.38%11%
Edgewood ElementaryKanawha County Schools41311.828%34%
Horace Mann Middle SchoolKanawha County Schools38514.837%47%
Overbrook Elementary SchoolKanawha County Schools37517.054%55%
West Side Middle SchoolKanawha County Schools37412.53%22%
Holz Elementary SchoolKanawha County Schools30416.971%75%
Piedmont Year-Round EducationKanawha County Schools27910.722%21%
Ruffner Elementary SchoolKanawha County Schools27114.337%34%

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against West Virginia’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $908 takes 17% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.1 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
16.6%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.1×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$908
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$203,300
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.09Top 46%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate63.3%Bottom 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±61925,544Top 2%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$44$908Bottom 42%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$16,251$203,300Top 46%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income16.6%Bottom 35%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate17.3%Top 29%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
14/ 100
Ranks 2859 of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has fallen 4% since 2020, reaching 46,482 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 0.1 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
4
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
0.1
Bottom 8% nationally
Year over year
−78%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202449k46k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
20202022202320242025434.0
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−79%).

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 86°F and January a low of 26°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 46.2 inches, including 31.5 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 40, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station CHARLESTON YEAGER AP, 3.1 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND5.4"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index57.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation46.2"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall31.5"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low26°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high86°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index40.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing41°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
40
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
57
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

25 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, strong wind and winter weather.

Inland floodingHigh
Strong windModerate
Winter weatherModerate

Low or minimal exposure: landslide, heat wave, lightning, hail, ice storm, earthquake, avalanche, hurricane, wildfire, tornado, cold wave, drought.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Kanawha County records 4.5 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, near the middle of counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 19.5 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 46.3 per 100,000 residents in Kanawha County.

Homicide
4.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
19.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
46.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
18.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Kanawha County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Charleston rather than Charleston itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

No airport meeting the AreaProfile major-airport definition lies within 100 miles; the nearest is 123 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Rickenbacker IntlLCK123 mi11,902 ft
John Glenn Columbus IntlCMH132 mi10,114 ft
Tri-CitiesTRI136 mi8,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
47
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Other cities in Charleston, WV

Same metropolitan area, measured the same way
CityCountyPopulationArea ScoreCompare
South CharlestonKanawha County13,45746vs Charleston
St. AlbansKanawha County10,52241vs Charleston

Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Charleston

6 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
2531414,794$94,55654
2530213,204$55,21042
253119,825$62,80046
253048,655$80,93149
253874,708$43,06341
253012,498$25,41733