Norfolk, Nebraska

Area Profile

26,054 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Norfolk, in Madison County.

55out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 30% of 2,944 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 43% of 3,904 published cities59
SchoolsTop 42% of 2,668 published cities57
Growth2143rd of 2,973 published cities37
Housing affordabilityTop 24% of 4,223 published cities93
Climate3845th of 4,223 published cities57
Physical resilience3279th of 4,182 published cities27
Access3832nd of 4,226 published cities65
Economic stability2357th of 4,226 published cities58
The quick read

Unemployment is 3.0% and median household income $58,884, putting employment conditions in the middle range of published city profiles.

Residential permitting has slowed: 68 units authorized over the past twelve months, 74% below the prior year.

Physical-risk exposure is above the national median, driven mainly by inland flooding, tornado and hail.

At a glance

Population
26,054
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$58,884
Bottom 37% nationally
Density
1,436/sq mi
18.1 sq mi of land
Median age
37.3
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Madison County
Nebraska
Metro area
Norfolk, NE
Nearest major airport
SUX
59 mi · Sioux Gateway/Brig General Bud Day Fld
Median home value
$211,700
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.0% is lower than 96% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment fell 1.3% over the past year, to 13,956 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$4,400$58,884Bottom 37%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,576$36,131Top 43%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate14.3%Top 38%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute14.5 minBottom 5%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher24.0%Top 41%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment13,956Bottom 12%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-0.5%Bottom 44%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.3%Bottom 39%June 2026
Labor force14,385Bottom 11%June 2026
Labor force participation67.8%Top 24%2024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.1%Bottom 41%June 2026
Unemployment rate3.0%Bottom 4%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/063.11.7
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.0% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202462k52k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $58,884 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

44% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 50% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 15.0 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
12
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
15.0
across all schools here
Math proficiency
44.4%
Top 43% in Nebraska
Reading proficiency
50.0%
Top 43% in Nebraska
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
NORFOLK SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS1,35916.0
NORFOLK JR HIGH SCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS63113.138%46%
NORFOLK MIDDLE SCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS62814.351%43%
BEL AIR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS33315.962%62%
LITTLE PANTHERS PRESCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS31922.8
JEFFERSON ELEMENTARY SCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS25615.130%40%
WASHINGTON ELEMENTARY SCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS22715.139%49%
LINCOLN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS22020.030%59%
GRANT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS19413.925%45%
WESTSIDE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS19411.470%65%
WOODLAND PARK ELEMENTARY SCHNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS18210.750%60%
ALTERNATIVES FOR SUCCESS SCHNORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLS0

51.2% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Nebraska’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $875 takes 18% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.6 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
17.8%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.6×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$875
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$211,700
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.60Top 34%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate60.9%Bottom 22%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±16111,786Top 5%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$36$875Bottom 38%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$10,221$211,700Top 44%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income17.8%Bottom 45%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate6.8%Bottom 37%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
37/ 100
Ranks 2143 of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2020 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 1% since 2020, reaching 26,162 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 2.6 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
68
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
2.6
Top 47% nationally
Year over year
−74%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202426k26k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
20202021202220232024202533664
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2020 (−81%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 86°F and January a low of 12°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 27.0 inches, including 29.9 inches of snow.

0°20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station NORFOLK KARL STEFAN AP, 3.0 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.4"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation27.0"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall29.9"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low12°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high86°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing53°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

27 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, tornado and hail.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 74% of measured US cities.

HailHigh
WildfireModerate
DroughtModerate
Winter weatherModerate
Ice stormModerate
TornadoElevated
Strong windHigh
Inland floodingElevated
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: cold wave, lightning, earthquake, landslide.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Madison County records 0.0 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 14.3 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 5.5 per 100,000 residents in Madison County.

Homicide
0.0
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
14.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
5.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
17.6
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Madison County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Norfolk rather than Norfolk itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 59 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Sioux Gateway/Brig General Bud Day FldSUX59 mi9,002 ft
LincolnLNK88 mi8,649 ft
Eppley AirfieldOMA94 mi9,502 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Put Norfolk side by side with a similar place.

Norfolk vs SnyderNorfolk vs HastingsNorfolk vs DumasNorfolk vs Fairmont

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Norfolk

1 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
6870131,417$62,63354