Alpena County, MI

County Profile

28,880 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Alpena County, MI.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

54out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 21% of 1,225 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity1235th of 1,255 counties17
Schools797th of 973 counties25
Growth865th of 1,226 counties39
Housing affordabilityTop 22% of 1,255 counties100
Climate1142nd of 1,254 counties55
Physical resilienceTop 3% of 1,255 counties94
AccessTop 18% of 1,255 counties94
Economic stability1153rd of 1,255 counties28
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable published profiles: unemployment is 4.9% and the Opportunity signal places Alpena County in the bottom 2%.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published profiles, placing Alpena County in the top 3% for physical resilience.

A major airport is 14 miles away, giving the area unusually direct access to the national air network.

At a glance

Population
28,880
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$53,950
Bottom 21% nationally
Density
50/sq mi
571.9 sq mi of land
Median age
47.8
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Alpena County
Michigan
Metro area
Alpena, MI
Nearest major airport
APN
14 mi · Alpena County Rgnl
Median home value
$153,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.9% is lower than 25% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 6.0% over the past year, to 12,300 employed residents.

Median household income of $53,950 is below 79% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$2,679$53,950Bottom 21%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,475$34,583Bottom 49%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate18.0%Top 24%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute18.4 minBottom 10%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher18.3%Bottom 29%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment12,300Bottom 8%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-7.9%Bottom 1%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-6.0%Bottom 2%June 2026
Labor force12,938Bottom 8%June 2026
Labor force participation53.9%Bottom 27%2024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.8%Bottom 9%June 2026
Unemployment rate4.9%Top 25%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/066.54.0
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.9% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202454k45k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $53,950 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

28% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 44% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 16.7 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
10
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
16.7
across all schools here
Math proficiency
28.0%
Bottom 25% in Michigan
Reading proficiency
44.1%
Bottom 25% in Michigan
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Alpena High SchoolAlpena Public Schools1,09118.2
Thunder Bay Junior High SchoolAlpena Public Schools79615.627%62%
Besser Elementary SchoolAlpena Public Schools47018.830%48%
Ella M White ElementaryAlpena Public Schools44018.332%38%
Wilson ElementaryAlpena Public Schools22015.733%30%
Sanborn ElementaryAlpena Public Schools20122.330%38%
Lincoln ElementaryAlpena Public Schools14614.610%15%
Hinks ElementaryAlpena Public Schools13216.522%10%
ACES AcademyAlpena Public Schools578.1
Pied Piper SchoolAlpena-Montmorency-Alcona ESD456.4

61.6% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Michigan’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $673 takes 15% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 2.9 times median household income here, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Rent as a share of income
15.0%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
2.9×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$673
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$153,900
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income2.85Bottom 45%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate80.0%Top 20%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±8515,707Top 43%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$37$673Bottom 11%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$4,690$153,900Bottom 32%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income15.0%Bottom 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate17.1%Top 37%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
39/ 100
Ranks 865 of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has been broadly flat since 2020, at 28,903 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before.

At 1.7 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
49
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
1.7
Bottom 29% nationally
Year over year
+9%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
20.4%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202429k29k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
20222023202420254626
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+31%).

Weather & climate

4 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 77°F and January a low of 13°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 31.9 inches, including 59.4 inches of snow.

0°20°40°60°80°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station ALPENA WWTP, 11.4 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND3.5"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation31.9"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall59.4"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low13°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high77°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months41991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing48°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

94 / 100
Physical resilience

Overall hazard risk is lower than 72% of measured US locations.

Low or minimal exposure: cold wave, inland flooding, lightning, coastal flooding, hail, hurricane, landslide, tornado, heat wave, earthquake, wildfire, winter weather, ice storm, strong wind.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Alpena County records 2.3 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Drug overdose deaths run at 8.1 per 100,000 residents in Alpena County.

Homicide
2.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
8.1
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
19.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Alpena County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Alpena County rather than Alpena County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

3 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 14 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Alpena County RgnlAPN14 mi9,001 ft
Oscoda/WurtsmithOSC31 mi11,801 ft
Mbs IntlMBS100 mi8,002 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
54
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

Cities in Alpena County, MI