Columbia, SC

Metro Area Profile

849,181 residents. Jobs, income, development, climate and physical risk across the Columbia, SC metropolitan area.

76out of 100
Area Score
Top 9% of 379 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 21% of 379 published metros71
GrowthTop 1% of 821 published metros88
Housing affordability544th of 822 published metros89
ClimateTop 19% of 822 published metros75
Physical resilienceTop 44% of 822 published metros61
AccessTop 8% of 822 published metros98
Economic stabilityTop 42% of 822 published metros57
The quick read

Columbia ranks in the top 21% of published metro profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 4.2% and median household income of $68,359.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 7,101 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 30% on the prior year.

A major airport is 11 miles away, giving the area unusually direct access to the national air network.

At a glance

Population
849,181
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$68,359
Top 45% nationally
Density
229/sq mi
3703.1 sq mi of land
Median age
37.6
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Metro area
Columbia, SC
Nearest major airport
CAE
11 mi · Columbia Metro
Median home value
$232,400
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 4.2% is lower than 49% of the 379 measured US metros.

Employment grew 2.5% over the past year, to 423,433 employed residents.

35% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 81% of measured US metros.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$1,206$68,359Top 45%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$573$37,960Top 37%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate14.5%Top 42%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute26.5 minTop 25%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher35.4%Top 19%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment423,433Top 17%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)5.4%Top 4%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)2.5%Top 4%June 2026
Labor force442,132Top 17%June 2026
Labor force participation63.7%Top 26%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$59,030Bottom 38%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$46,430Bottom 34%2025 OEWS
Metro employment394,200Top 16%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.3%Bottom 29%June 2026
Unemployment rate4.2%Top 49%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/064.62.7
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 4.2% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Largest occupations — Columbia, SC
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers11,640$27,170
Retail Salespersons10,860$29,540
Customer Service Representatives10,430$37,430
Stockers and Order Fillers9,470$37,180
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand9,410$37,530
Registered Nurses9,400$81,920

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,193 takes 21% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.4 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
20.9%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.4×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,193
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$232,400
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income3.40Top 43%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate69.4%Bottom 47%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±187378,275Top 7%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$15$1,193Top 23%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$2,353$232,400Top 43%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income20.9%Top 21%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate10.2%Bottom 42%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
88/ 100
Top 1% of 821 published city profiles
Permitting is broadly steady, measured from 2024 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 5% since 2020, reaching 870,193 in 2024.

At 8.4 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US metros.

Units permitted
7,101
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
8.4
Top 9% nationally
Year over year
+30%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
32.9%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024870k830k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 93°F and January a low of 37°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 43.7 inches.

30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station COLUMBIA OWENS DWTN AP, 7.8 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.8"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation43.7"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low37°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high93°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing36°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

61 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are tornado, hurricane and earthquake.

Ice stormModerate
TornadoModerate
HurricaneElevated
EarthquakeElevated
LightningModerate
LandslideModerate

Low or minimal exposure: strong wind, heat wave, inland flooding, hail, cold wave, winter weather, wildfire, drought.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. This value is the population-weighted mean of all component counties; expected annual loss is their sum. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

4 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 11 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Columbia MetroCAE11 mi8,601 ft
Augusta Rgnl At Bush FldAGS72 mi8,001 ft
Charlotte/Douglas IntlCLT79 mi10,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
76
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.