AreaProfile

Bay City, MI

Metro Area Profile

103,008 residents. Jobs, income, development, climate and physical risk across the Bay City, MI metropolitan area.

58
Area Score
Bottom 26% of 361 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity359th of 361 published metros16
Growth373rd of 440 published metros26
Housing affordabilityTop 17% of 441 published metros100
Climate321st of 441 published metros60
Physical resilienceTop 19% of 441 published metros79
AccessTop 14% of 441 published metros97
Economic stability232nd of 441 published metros57
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable published metro profiles: unemployment is 5.4% and the Opportunity signal places Bay City in the bottom 1%.

Housing is more affordable relative to local incomes than in most published city profiles, with rent taking 17% of median household income.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published metro profiles, placing Bay City in the top 19% for physical resilience.

At a glance

Population
103,008
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$61,763
Bottom 33% nationally
Density
233/sq mi
442.4 sq mi of land
Median age
43.9
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Metro area
Bay City, MI
Nearest major airport
MBS
13 mi · Mbs Intl
Median home value
$152,200
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 5.4% is lower than 12% of the 361 measured US metros.

Employment fell 7.3% over the past year, to 43,886 employed residents.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$2,526$61,763Bottom 33%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$936$35,602Top 50%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate13.2%Bottom 47%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute24.3 minTop 48%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher22.1%Bottom 37%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment43,886Bottom 7%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-8.2%Bottom 1%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-7.3%Bottom 2%June 2026
Labor force46,371Bottom 7%June 2026
Labor force participation59.3%Bottom 45%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$57,190Bottom 27%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$45,620Bottom 24%2025 OEWS
Metro employment33,810Bottom 3%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.9%Bottom 6%June 2026
Unemployment rate5.4%Top 12%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032026/012026/066.84.2
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 5.4% in June 2026.
Largest occupations — Bay City, MI
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Fast Food and Counter Workers1,380$28,060
Home Health and Personal Care Aides1,040$34,100
Retail Salespersons920$33,320
Cashiers910$29,150
Registered Nurses810
Office Clerks, General770$38,100

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $860 takes 17% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 2.5 times median household income here, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Rent as a share of income
16.7%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
2.5×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$860
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$152,200
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income2.46Bottom 13%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate77.0%Top 11%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±5148,659Top 41%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$37$860Bottom 26%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$3,642$152,200Bottom 16%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income16.7%Bottom 29%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate7.3%Bottom 19%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
26/ 100
Ranks 373 of 440 published city profiles
Permitting is increasing, measured from 2024 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has fallen 1% since 2020, reaching 102,651 in 2024.

At 0.6 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US metros.

Units permitted
61
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
0.6
Bottom 3% nationally
Year over year
+97%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
26.2%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
20202021202220232024104k103k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 82°F and January a low of 16°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 32.1 inches, including 49.0 inches of snow.

10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station SAGINAW MBS INTL AP, 12.6 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND3.9"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation32.1"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall49.0"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low16°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high82°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing49°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

79 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, tornado and strong wind.

Strong windElevated
TornadoModerate
HailModerate
Inland floodingModerate
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: winter weather, cold wave, ice storm, lightning, coastal flooding, earthquake, hurricane, landslide, wildfire.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. This value is the population-weighted mean of all component counties; expected annual loss is their sum. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

Taxes

AreaProfile does not yet publish tax comparisons. No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, methodology transparency and update cadence, and the product rule is to omit a dimension rather than estimate it. The Area Score is calculated without a tax component and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Nothing on AreaProfile is individualized tax advice.

Access

5 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 13 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Mbs IntlMBS13 mi8,002 ft
Oscoda/WurtsmithOSC59 mi11,801 ft
Capital Region IntlLAN71 mi8,506 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Compare

Put Bay City side by side with a similar place.

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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)

Profile recalculated August 29, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

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