42104 — Bowling Green, Kentucky

Area Profile

Income, jobs, climate, physical risk and development data for ZIP code 42104. Its median household income runs 54% above Bowling Green as a whole, which is why this ZIP carries a profile of its own.

63out of 100
Area Score
Top 34% of 3,113 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 15 sources
OpportunityTop 37% of 3,116 ZIP areas measured60
SchoolsTop 22% of 3,047 ZIP areas measured72
GrowthTop 13% of 3,124 ZIP areas measured71
Housing affordabilityTop 21% of 3,112 ZIP areas measured77
ClimateTop 32% of 3,127 ZIP areas measured74
Physical resilience2,393rd of 3,127 ZIP areas measured31
Access2,718th of 3,127 ZIP areas measured71
Economic stabilityTop 43% of 3,127 ZIP areas measured59
The quick read

Unemployment is 5.2% and median household income $75,164, putting employment conditions in the middle range of ZIP areas measured. The unemployment rate is published for Bowling Green, KY, which contains 42104, rather than for 42104 alone.

In the public schools here, 54% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 17.7 students for every teacher.

Development activity is both elevated and accelerating — 447 housing units permitted over the past twelve months, up 49% on the prior year. The permit count and 1 other measure here are published for Bowling Green, KY, which contains 42104, rather than for 42104 alone.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
42,076
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$75,164
Top 44% nationally
Density
726/sq mi
58 sq mi of land
Median age
37.0
2024 ACS 5-Year
City
Bowling Green
Kentucky
Nearest major airport
BNA
53 mi · Nashville Intl
Median home value
$306,400
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment across Bowling Green, KY, which contains 42104, is 5.2% — higher than in all but 21% of the 3,127 measured US ZIP areas.

Employment across Bowling Green, KY, which contains 42104, grew 0.9% over the past year, to 38,005 employed residents.

41% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 80% of measured US ZIP areas.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsWarren County, KY’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$52,41414th percentileof 2,996filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftWarren County, KY’s figurefiling years 2022–2023$54,32818th percentileof 2,996filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$5,2042024 ACS 5-Year$75,164Top 44%of 31,0492024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,8162024 ACS 5-Year$38,032Top 45%of 32,8222024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year10.9%Bottom 47%of 32,8462024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±1.4 min2024 ACS 5-Year21.1 minTop 17%of 32,8872024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year40.8%Top 20%of 33,1932024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year74.6%45th percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentBowling Green, KY’s figureJuly 202638,005Bottom 41%of 3,127July 2026
Employment change (3 years)Bowling Green, KY’s figureJuly 2026+5.1%Top 6%of 3,127July 2026
Employment change (year over year)Bowling Green, KY’s figureJuly 2026+0.9%Top 19%of 3,127July 2026
Labor forceBowling Green, KY’s figureJuly 202640,09541st percentileof 3,127July 2026
Labor force participation ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year81.7%Top 35%of 32,8832024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wageBowling Green, KY Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS$54,720Bottom 7%of 2,7602025 OEWS
Median annual wageBowling Green, KY Metro Area’s figure2025 OEWS$45,040Bottom 10%of 2,7602025 OEWS
Public transit to work ±0.2%2024 ACS 5-Year0.1%63rd percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)Bowling Green, KY’s figureJuly 2026−0.3%Top 38%of 3,127July 2026
Unemployment rateBowling Green, KY’s figureJuly 20265.2%Bottom 21%of 3,127July 2026
Worked from home ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year9.8%51st percentileof 32,7982024 ACS 5-Year

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202475k66k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $75,164 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

Largest occupations — Bowling Green, KY

OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Retail Salespersons2,720$28,430
Fast Food and Counter Workers2,540$27,650
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand2,070$38,040
Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators2,030$42,940
General and Operations Managers2,010$71,170
Registered Nurses1,870$79,120

Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish labor-force data for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Bowling Green, KY, the city containing this ZIP code.

54% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 64% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 17.7 students for every full-time teacher across 11 public schools, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
11
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
17.7
across all schools here
Math proficiency
54.0%
Top 21% in Kentucky
Reading proficiency
64.3%
Top 12% in Kentucky
All 11 public schools on record, largest first.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
South Warren High SchoolWarren County1,54819.152%67%
Greenwood High SchoolWarren County1,45119.146%56%
Bowling Green High SchoolBowling Green Independent1,37717.946%56%
Bowling Green Junior HighBowling Green Independent1,04218.352%59%
Rich Pond ElementaryWarren County99018.068%72%
South Warren Middle SchoolWarren County80518.772%82%
Jody Richards ElementaryWarren County75416.455%70%
Plano ElementaryWarren County75017.466%69%
William H. Natcher ElementaryWarren County71314.935%51%
Drakes Creek Middle SchoolWarren County70416.069%81%
T C Cherry Elementary SchoolBowling Green Independent43116.637%47%

51.0% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Kentucky’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

Prices for everything a household buys run about 10% below the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 89.9, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Bowling Green, KY Metro Area is up 45% over five years, and up 2.8% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $2,016 a year in real estate taxes, about 0.66% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,153, some 12% above the $1,029 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,153 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $46,100 a year, about 61% of the median household income here of $75,164.

The typical renter household here spends 27% of its income on rent, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,029 a month.

A median home at $306,400 costs 3.2 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $95,132, above the historic benchmark of about 3 times income.

Cost of living
89.9

Prices here run about 10% below the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.

Published for the Bowling Green, KY Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.

Rent as a share of income
26.9%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.2×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$1,153
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$1,029
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$306,400
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against 42104’s median household income of $75,164, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Cost of living indexthe Bowling Green, KY Metro Area’s figure202389.9Top 10%of 2,7372023
Home price change (1 year)the Bowling Green, KY Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+2.8%44th percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the Bowling Green, KY Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+45.1%56th percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the Bowling Green, KY Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2+90.0%43rd percentileof 3,0712026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.32024 ACS 5-Year3.2Bottom 33%of 29,2752024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year61.7%17th percentileof 32,7502024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±7122024 ACS 5-Year17,84295th percentileof 33,4602024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$985Top 27%of 3,031FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,384Top 15%of 3,031FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$1,153Top 22%of 3,031FY2026
Median gross rent ±$482024 ACS 5-Year$1,029Bottom 49%of 26,3962024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$14,5942024 ACS 5-Year$306,40068th percentileof 30,8122024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$1302024 ACS 5-Year$2,01651st percentileof 28,9352024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$7,3462024 ACS 5-Year$95,132Top 35%of 29,8022024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.05%2024 ACS 5-Year0.66%28th percentileof 24,0992024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year26.9%Top 41%of 26,2472024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±492024 ACS 5-Year4360th percentileof 33,7722024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year0.2%35th percentileof 32,9612024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year4.2%30th percentileof 32,7882024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±2862024 ACS 5-Year79783rd percentileof 33,7722024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.

Development Momentum

71/ 100
Top 13% of 3,124 published ZIP profiles

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

75% of the 447 units permitted over the past twelve months are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses. The multifamily share is published for Bowling Green, KY, which contains 42104, rather than for 42104 alone.

At 5.9 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US ZIP areas. The permit rate is published for Bowling Green, KY, which contains 42104, rather than for 42104 alone.

Units permitted
447
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
5.9
Top 27% nationally
Year over year
+49%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
74.9%
units in 5+ unit buildings

People moving in and out

Net migration
+0.6%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
53%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$52,414
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$54,328
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Barren County, KY 355 people · 5.3% of arrivals
  2. Simpson County, KY 303 people · 4.5% of arrivals
  3. Logan County, KY 299 people · 4.4% of arrivals
  4. Allen County, KY 275 people · 4.1% of arrivals
  5. Edmonson County, KY 237 people · 3.5% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Barren County, KY 359 people · 5.9% of departures
  2. Allen County, KY 317 people · 5.2% of departures
  3. Logan County, KY 310 people · 5.1% of departures
  4. Simpson County, KY 284 people · 4.7% of departures
  5. Edmonson County, KY 281 people · 4.6% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. This is the figure for Warren County, KY. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

The Building Permits Survey is not published for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Bowling Green, KY, the city containing this ZIP code.

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 90°F and January a low of 28°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 50.1 inches, including 8.5 inches of snow.

20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station BOWLING GREEN WARREN CO AP, 6.3 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND5.0"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year542024 calendar year
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals50.1"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall1991-2020 Normals8.5"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals28°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals90°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals71991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year02024 calendar year
Median air quality index2024 calendar year392024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals42°F1991-2020 Normals

Air quality

Median air quality index
39
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
54
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

31 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, hail and tornado, with inland flooding alone responsible for 40% of it. Tornado is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.

HailHigh
EarthquakeElevated
Ice stormModerate
Inland floodingModerate

Low or minimal exposure: tornado, heat wave, strong wind, cold wave, lightning, winter weather, drought, hurricane, landslide, wildfire, avalanche, coastal flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. ZIP values are the land-area-weighted mean of the counties the ZIP Code Tabulation Area intersects. Expected annual loss is not allocated below county level. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Homicide
3.5
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Firearm deaths, all intents
12.7
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
12.0
per 100,000 residents
Suicide
15.5
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe the county around 42104 (Warren County) rather than 42104 itself. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. A ZIP area is not a jurisdiction, so no department reports for one. Bowling Green carries the figure where its department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

5 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Nashville Intl at 53 miles.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year93.4%Top 28%of 32,6632024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle53 miBottom 11%of 3,127NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle5Top 44%of 3,127NASR current cycle
No internet access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year4.4%Top 29%of 32,6632024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Nashville IntlBNA53 mi11,030 ft
SmyrnaMQY60 mi8,038 ft
Owensboro/Daviess County RgnlOWB71 mi8,000 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
63
Your Score
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
HousingU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWS
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar year
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

42104 vs Bowling Green

How this ZIP area compares with Bowling Green as a whole. Both figures come from the same ACS release, so the comparison is like for like — a gap here is a real difference between the two places, not two surveys disagreeing.

42104
Bowling Green
Median household income: 42104 is the more favorable of the two.
Median household income
$75,164
vs
$48,873
Per capita income: 42104 is the more favorable of the two.
Per capita income
$38,032
vs
$28,971
Population density
726/sq mi
vs
1,795/sq mi
Median home value
$306,400
vs
$241,900
Median gross rent: Bowling Green is the more favorable of the two.
Median gross rent
$1,029
vs
$998
Homeownership rate
61.7%
vs
36.6%
Bachelor's degree or higher: 42104 is the more favorable of the two.
Bachelor's degree or higher
40.8%
vs
31.2%
Poverty rate: 42104 is the more favorable of the two.
Poverty rate
10.9%
vs
21.6%
Median age
37.0
vs
28.7

Some demographic statistics use Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, which approximate but do not exactly match USPS ZIP delivery geography. See the methodology for how AreaProfile maps between them.