78521 — Brownsville, Texas
Area Profile
Income, jobs, climate, physical risk and development data for ZIP code 78521.
Employment conditions sit below most comparable published ZIP profiles: unemployment is 7.7% and the Opportunity signal places 78521 in the bottom 5%.
Physical-risk exposure is above the national median, driven mainly by hurricane, cold wave and hail.
Its Area Score of 51 places 78521 in the top 89% of published ZIP profiles.
At a glance
Jobs & opportunity
Unemployment of 7.7% is lower than 2% of the 4,387 measured US ZIP areas.
Employment fell 0.8% over the past year, to 79,175 employed residents.
Median household income of $44,509 is below 91% of measured US ZIP areas.
| Metric | Value | Compared with peers | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income ±$2,741 | $44,509 | Bottom 9% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per capita income ±$897 | $19,594 | Bottom 5% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Poverty rate | 30.2% | Top 7% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Average commute | 24.0 min | Bottom 30% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 16.7% | Bottom 30% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Employment | 79,175 | Top 32% | June 2026 |
| Employment change (3 years) | 0.3% | Top 47% | June 2026 |
| Employment change (year over year) | -0.8% | Top 49% | June 2026 |
| Labor force | 85,822 | Top 31% | June 2026 |
| Labor force participation | 57.1% | Bottom 37% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Mean annual wage | $47,110 | Bottom 1% | 2025 OEWS |
| Median annual wage | $36,490 | Bottom 1% | 2025 OEWS |
| Unemployment change (year over year) | -1.5% | Bottom 2% | June 2026 |
| Unemployment rate | 7.7% | Top 2% | June 2026 |
| Occupation | People employed | Median annual wage |
|---|---|---|
| Home Health and Personal Care Aides | 21,990 | $23,500 |
| Fast Food and Counter Workers | 6,570 | $22,500 |
| Customer Service Representatives | 4,880 | $38,350 |
| Retail Salespersons | 3,820 | $27,780 |
| General and Operations Managers | 3,440 | $75,350 |
| Cashiers | 3,420 | $26,250 |
Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish labor-force data for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Brownsville, TX, the city containing this ZIP code.
Housing & affordability
How it’s calculated →Median rent of $889 takes 24% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.
A median home costs 2.2 times median household income here, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.
| Metric | Value | Compared with peers | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Home price to income | 2.24 | Bottom 22% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Homeownership rate | 60.3% | Bottom 16% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Housing units ±875 | 29,741 | Top 1% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median gross rent ±$26 | $889 | Bottom 36% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median home value ±$6,676 | $99,700 | Bottom 10% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Rent as a share of income | 24.0% | Top 18% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacancy rate | 6.8% | Bottom 32% | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.
Growth & development
How it’s calculated →An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.
At 7.1 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US ZIP areas.
The Building Permits Survey is not published for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Brownsville, TX, the city containing this ZIP code.
Weather & climate
7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 95°F and January a low of 53°F.
Normal annual precipitation is 26.8 inches.
| Metric | Value | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| Annual precipitation | 26.8" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Annual snowfall | 0.0" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average January low | 53°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average July high | 95°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Comfortable months | 7 | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Seasonal temperature swing | 24°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.
Physical risk
The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hurricane, cold wave and hail.
Low or minimal exposure: heat wave, ice storm, inland flooding, strong wind, winter weather, tornado, wildfire, drought, coastal flooding, earthquake, landslide.
Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. ZIP values are the land-area-weighted mean of the counties the ZIP Code Tabulation Area intersects. Expected annual loss is not allocated below county level. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.
Taxes
AreaProfile does not yet publish tax comparisons. No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, methodology transparency and update cadence, and the product rule is to omit a dimension rather than estimate it. The Area Score is calculated without a tax component and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.
Nothing on AreaProfile is individualized tax advice.
Access
1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 29 miles away.
| Airport | Code | Distance | Longest runway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Valley Intl | HRL | 29 mi | 9,400 ft |
| Laredo Intl | LRD | 172 mi | 8,743 ft |
| Victoria Rgnl | VCT | 203 mi | 9,111 ft |
Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
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Similar places
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Data & methodology
| Used for | Source | Source period | Updated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Access | Federal Aviation Administration Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service | NASR current cycle | 28-day NASR cycle |
| Physical risk | Federal Emergency Management Agency National Risk Index | National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0) | Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current) |
| Climate | NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly) | 1991-2020 Normals | Every ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period) |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics | June 2026 | Monthly |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics | 2025 OEWS | Annual (spring release) |
| Demographics | U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program | July 1, 2024 estimate | Annual (vintage released each spring) |
| Development | U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey | 12 months ending July 2026 | Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month |
| Demographics, Housing, Income, Jobs | U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File) | 2024 ACS 5-Year | Annual (5-year estimates released each December) |
Profile recalculated August 29, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.
78521 vs Brownsville
How this ZIP area compares with Brownsville as a whole. Both figures come from the same ACS release, so the comparison is like for like.
Some demographic statistics use Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, which approximate but do not exactly match USPS ZIP delivery geography. See the methodology for how AreaProfile maps between them.