AreaProfile

78521Brownsville, Texas

Area Profile

Income, jobs, climate, physical risk and development data for ZIP code 78521.

51
Area Score
Bottom 11% of 3,833 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity3874th of 4,073 published ZIP areas25
GrowthTop 22% of 3,947 published ZIP areas65
Housing affordabilityTop 33% of 4,553 published ZIP areas86
ClimateTop 39% of 4,621 published ZIP areas73
Physical resilience3862nd of 4,554 published ZIP areas21
Access3883rd of 4,623 published ZIP areas79
Economic stability4113th of 4,591 published ZIP areas33
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable published ZIP profiles: unemployment is 7.7% and the Opportunity signal places 78521 in the bottom 5%.

Physical-risk exposure is above the national median, driven mainly by hurricane, cold wave and hail.

Its Area Score of 51 places 78521 in the top 89% of published ZIP profiles.

At a glance

Population
87,380
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$44,509
Bottom 9% nationally
Density
933/sq mi
93.6 sq mi of land
Median age
31.3
2024 ACS 5-Year
City
Brownsville
Texas
Metro area
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX
Nearest major airport
HRL
29 mi · Valley Intl
Median home value
$99,700
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 7.7% is lower than 2% of the 4,387 measured US ZIP areas.

Employment fell 0.8% over the past year, to 79,175 employed residents.

Median household income of $44,509 is below 91% of measured US ZIP areas.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$2,741$44,509Bottom 9%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$897$19,594Bottom 5%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate30.2%Top 7%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute24.0 minBottom 30%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher16.7%Bottom 30%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment79,175Top 32%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)0.3%Top 47%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-0.8%Top 49%June 2026
Labor force85,822Top 31%June 2026
Labor force participation57.1%Bottom 37%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$47,110Bottom 1%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$36,490Bottom 1%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)-1.5%Bottom 2%June 2026
Unemployment rate7.7%Top 2%June 2026
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202445k35k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $44,509 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Brownsville-Harlingen, TX
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Home Health and Personal Care Aides21,990$23,500
Fast Food and Counter Workers6,570$22,500
Customer Service Representatives4,880$38,350
Retail Salespersons3,820$27,780
General and Operations Managers3,440$75,350
Cashiers3,420$26,250

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish labor-force data for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Brownsville, TX, the city containing this ZIP code.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $889 takes 24% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 2.2 times median household income here, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Rent as a share of income
24.0%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
2.2×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$889
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$99,700
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income2.24Bottom 22%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate60.3%Bottom 16%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±87529,741Top 1%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$26$889Bottom 36%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$6,676$99,700Bottom 10%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income24.0%Top 18%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate6.8%Bottom 32%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
65/ 100
Top 22% of 3,947 published city profiles

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

At 7.1 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US ZIP areas.

Units permitted
1,352
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
7.1
Top 19% nationally
Year over year
−2%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
45.3%
units in 5+ unit buildings

The Building Permits Survey is not published for ZIP areas. This is the figure for Brownsville, TX, the city containing this ZIP code.

Weather & climate

7 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 95°F and January a low of 53°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 26.8 inches.

40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station BROWNSVILLE, 6.6 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND5.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation26.8"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall0.0"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low53°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high95°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months71991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing24°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

21 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hurricane, cold wave and hail.

Cold waveModerate
HurricaneElevated
HailModerate
LightningModerate

Low or minimal exposure: heat wave, ice storm, inland flooding, strong wind, winter weather, tornado, wildfire, drought, coastal flooding, earthquake, landslide.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. ZIP values are the land-area-weighted mean of the counties the ZIP Code Tabulation Area intersects. Expected annual loss is not allocated below county level. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

Taxes

AreaProfile does not yet publish tax comparisons. No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, methodology transparency and update cadence, and the product rule is to omit a dimension rather than estimate it. The Area Score is calculated without a tax component and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Nothing on AreaProfile is individualized tax advice.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 29 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Valley IntlHRL29 mi9,400 ft
Laredo IntlLRD172 mi8,743 ft
Victoria RgnlVCT203 mi9,111 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
51
Your Score

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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)

Profile recalculated August 29, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

78521 vs Brownsville

How this ZIP area compares with Brownsville as a whole. Both figures come from the same ACS release, so the comparison is like for like.

78521
Brownsville
Median household income
$44,509
vs
$52,130
Per capita income
$19,594
vs
$22,512
Population density
933/sq mi
vs
1,418/sq mi
Median home value
$99,700
vs
$139,900
Median gross rent
$889
vs
$923
Homeownership rate
60.3%
vs
61.7%
Bachelor's degree or higher
16.7%
vs
24.5%
Poverty rate
30.2%
vs
23.7%
Median age
31.3
vs
31.2

Some demographic statistics use Census ZIP Code Tabulation Areas, which approximate but do not exactly match USPS ZIP delivery geography. See the methodology for how AreaProfile maps between them.