Hughes County, SD

County Profile

17,664 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Hughes County, SD.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

53out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 29% of 1,453 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks

Data updated · 14 sources
OpportunityTop 33% of 1,463 counties measured63
SchoolsTop 42% of 1,377 counties measured56
Growth1,393rd of 1,453 counties measured19
Housing affordabilityTop 8% of 1,462 counties measured85
Climate1,316th of 1,463 counties measured55
Physical resilience923rd of 1,463 counties measured50
Access1,444th of 1,463 counties measured0
Economic stabilityTop 23% of 1,463 counties measured79
The quick read

Unemployment is 1.7% and median household income $81,395, putting employment conditions in the middle range of counties measured.

In the public schools here, 52% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 16.6 students for every teacher.

Residential permitting has slowed: 21 units authorized over the past twelve months, 28% below the prior year.

These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.

At a glance

Population
17,664
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$81,395
Top 16% nationally
Density
24/sq mi
741.5 sq mi of land
Median age
39.5
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Hughes County
South Dakota
Micro area
Nearest major airport
RAP
154 mi · Rapid City Rgnl
Median home value
$242,000
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 1.7%, lower than in 99% of the 1,467 measured US counties.

Employment fell 3.8% over the past year, to 9,064 employed residents.

39% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 90% of measured US counties.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023$61,41157th percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023$64,98367th percentileof 1,417filing years 2022–2023
Median household income ±$5,8892024 ACS 5-Year$81,395Top 16%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,6582024 ACS 5-Year$41,202Top 22%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income2023$70,135Top 17%of 1,3892023
Poverty rate ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year8.8%Top 18%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute ±1.7 min2024 ACS 5-Year15.8 minTop 4%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher ±4%2024 ACS 5-Year39.0%Top 10%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Drove alone to work ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year79.1%62nd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
EmploymentJuly 20269,064Bottom 9%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (3 years)July 2026−4.4%Bottom 9%of 1,467July 2026
Employment change (year over year)July 2026−3.8%Bottom 6%of 1,467July 2026
Labor forceJuly 20269,2208th percentileof 1,467July 2026
Labor force participation ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year82.9%Top 14%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Public transit to work ±1.0%2024 ACS 5-Year1.0%87th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026+0.3%Bottom 22%of 1,467July 2026
Unemployment rateJuly 20261.7%Top 1%of 1,467July 2026
Worked from home ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year4.7%15th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Unemployment rate

2021/072022/072023/072024/072025/072026/072.21.2
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 1.7% in July 2026. It has been holding roughly steady, over a series running from 2020-01 to 2026-07. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.

Median household income, successive ACS releases

202120222023202484k78k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $81,395 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

52% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 58% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 16.6 students for every full-time teacher across 5 public schools, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
5
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
16.6
across all schools here
Math proficiency
52.0%
Top 14% in South Dakota
Reading proficiency
58.2%
Bottom 36% in South Dakota
All 5 public schools on record, largest first.
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
T F Riggs High School - 01Pierre School District 32-285517.852%62%
Georgia Morse Middle School - 02Pierre School District 32-267217.757%61%
Buchanan Elementary - 03Pierre School District 32-243216.657%57%
Kennedy Elementary - 08Pierre School District 32-241315.948%52%
Jefferson Elementary - 06Pierre School District 32-237713.542%53%

31.0% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against South Dakota’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the non-metropolitan parts of South Dakota is up 47% over five years, and up 3.1% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.

Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $2,659 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.10% of the median home value.

HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,034, close to the $990 tenants already here pay.

At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,034 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $41,400 a year, about 51% of the median household income here of $81,395.

The typical renter household here spends 24% of its income on rent, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $990 a month.

A median home at $242,000 costs 2.5 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $98,682, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Rent as a share of income
24.4%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
2.5×
median home value ÷ owner household income
Market rent, two bedroom
$1,034
what a new lease costs · FY2026
Median gross rent
$990
what tenants now pay · 2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$242,000
2024 ACS 5-Year

The figures above are measured against Hughes County’s median household income of $81,395, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price change (1 year)the non-metropolitan parts of South Dakota’s figure2026 Q2+3.1%38th percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (5 years)the non-metropolitan parts of South Dakota’s figure2026 Q2+47.1%61st percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price change (10 years)the non-metropolitan parts of South Dakota’s figure2026 Q2+89.6%43rd percentileof 1,4312026 Q2
Home price to income ±0.22024 ACS 5-Year2.5Top 47%of 3,2172024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate ±3%2024 ACS 5-Year72.0%37th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±412024 ACS 5-Year7,99736th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Market rent, one bedroomFY2026$832Top 31%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, three bedroomFY2026$1,308Top 26%of 1,423FY2026
Market rent, two bedroomFY2026$1,034Top 31%of 1,423FY2026
Median gross rent ±$892024 ACS 5-Year$990Bottom 32%of 3,2152024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$15,1632024 ACS 5-Year$242,00070th percentileof 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Median property taxes ±$1782024 ACS 5-Year$2,65980th percentileof 3,1722024 ACS 5-Year
Owner household income ±$6,2752024 ACS 5-Year$98,682Top 15%of 3,2182024 ACS 5-Year
Property tax rate ±0.10%2024 ACS 5-Year1.10%72nd percentileof 3,1262024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year24.4%Top 22%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Seasonal and second homes ±1272024 ACS 5-Year14728th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year1.8%40th percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year7.5%37th percentileof 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Vacant housing units ±2152024 ACS 5-Year74422nd percentileof 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures.

Development Momentum

19/ 100
Ranks 1,393 of 1,453 published county profiles
The most recent move in permitting was downward, in a series running from 2022 to 2025. That is the direction of the recent run. The chart below compares the first year with the last, which can point the other way.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has fallen 1% since 2020, to 17,526 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before: 29 units authorized in 2025, 79% below the prior year.

New construction is predominantly single-family: of 21 units permitted over the past twelve months, none were in buildings of five or more homes.

Federal tax returns show Hughes County lost about 0.5% of its residents through moves within the US in the most recent year, counting those who arrived against those who left. Households that moved in reported an average income of $61,411, below the $64,983 of households that moved out.

At 1.2 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US counties.

Units permitted
21
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
1.2
Bottom 22% nationally
Year over year
−28%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings

Population, annual estimates

2020202120222023202418k18k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population. It has been falling for the last 3 years, over a series running from 2020 to 2024.

People moving in and out

Net migration
−0.5%
of residents, in a year
Arrivals from another state
40%
of people moving in
Income of arrivals
$61,411
average per tax return
Income of those who left
$64,983
average per tax return

Where newcomers came from

  1. Stanley County, SD 113 people · 13% of arrivals
  2. Pennington County, SD 55 people · 6.5% of arrivals
  3. Minnehaha County, SD 51 people · 6.0% of arrivals

Where people who left went

  1. Stanley County, SD 122 people · 13% of departures
  2. Minnehaha County, SD 67 people · 7.2% of departures
  3. Pennington County, SD 45 people · 4.8% of departures
  4. Lincoln County, SD 36 people · 3.9% of departures

Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.

Housing units permitted per year

202220232024202513521
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+38%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 88°F and January a low of 9°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 20.2 inches, including 37.2 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 8, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

0°20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station PIERRE RGNL AP, 15.3 miles from this location.

Precipitation

JFMAMJJASOND3.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year342024 calendar year
Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals20.2"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall1991-2020 Normals37.2"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low1991-2020 Normals9°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high1991-2020 Normals88°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year02024 calendar year
Median air quality index2024 calendar year82024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals56°F1991-2020 Normals

Air quality

Median air quality index
8
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
34
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.

Physical risk

50 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, cold wave and tornado, with inland flooding alone responsible for 59% of it. Tornado is independently rated low or minimal nationally, so this describes how the loss is composed, not how large that hazard is.

WildfireElevated
Winter weatherModerate
Cold waveModerate
Inland floodingElevated
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: ice storm, drought, hail, tornado, strong wind, landslide, lightning, earthquake, tsunami, volcanic activity, coastal flooding, avalanche, hurricane.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Hughes County records 0.0 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Drug overdose deaths run at about 7.9 per 100,000 residents in Hughes County.

Homicide
0.0
per 100,000 residents
Firearm deaths, all intents
0.0
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
7.9
per 100,000 residents · modeled, not measured
Suicide
0.0
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.

Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Hughes County as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.

What this profile does not cover

Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Cost of living
Price parities are published for metropolitan areas, and this place lies outside one.
Taxes
Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. Cost of living is published where the Bureau of Economic Analysis measures it, though not for this place. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.

Access

No airport meeting the AreaProfile major-airport definition lies within 100 miles; the nearest is 154 miles away.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Broadband access ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year93.1%Top 8%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
Distance to major airportNASR current cycle154 miBottom 1%of 1,463NASR current cycle
Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle0Bottom 1%of 1,463NASR current cycle
No internet access ±2%2024 ACS 5-Year5.5%Top 14%of 3,2212024 ACS 5-Year
AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Rapid City RgnlRAP154 mi8,701 ft
Joe Foss FldFSD170 mi9,000 ft
Alliance MuniAIA215 mi9,203 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
53
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource period
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)
Demographics, IncomeInternal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division
U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county)
filing years 2022–2023
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 Normals
IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
July 2026
Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-Year
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimate
SafetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026
SchoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year
HousingU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research
Fair Market Rents
FY2026
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar year
HousingU.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency
House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions)
2026 Q2
Current conditionsNOAA National Weather Service
National Weather Service current conditions
Live observation, read when the page opens

Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.

Cities in Hughes County, SD