Hughes County, SD

County Profile

17,664 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Hughes County, SD.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

59out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 39% of 1,225 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 24% of 1,255 counties measured68
SchoolsTop 20% of 973 counties measured75
Growth1181st of 1,226 counties measured18
Housing affordabilityTop 22% of 1,255 counties measured100
Climate1133rd of 1,254 counties measured55
Physical resilience815th of 1,255 counties measured50
Access1241st of 1,255 counties measured0
Economic stabilityTop 23% of 1,255 counties measured80
The quick read

Hughes County ranks in the top 24% of published profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 1.7% and median household income of $81,395.

Residential permitting has slowed: 21 units authorized over the past twelve months, 28% below the prior year.

The nearest major airport is 154 miles away, which is farther than most measured US locations.

At a glance

Population
17,664
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$81,395
Top 16% nationally
Density
24/sq mi
741.5 sq mi of land
Median age
39.5
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Hughes County
South Dakota
Metro area
Pierre, SD
Nearest major airport
RAP
154 mi · Rapid City Rgnl
Median home value
$242,000
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 1.7% is lower than 100% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 1.6% over the past year, to 9,174 employed residents.

39% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 90% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$5,889$81,395Top 16%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$2,658$41,202Top 22%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income$70,135Top 18%of 1,2062023
Poverty rate9.2%Bottom 19%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute15.8 minBottom 4%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher39.0%Top 10%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Employment9,174Bottom 3%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (3 years)-3.2%Bottom 13%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.6%Bottom 29%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force9,332Bottom 3%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force participation65.0%Top 18%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)0.2%Top 41%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate1.7%Bottom 1%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/062.51.2
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 1.7% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202484k78k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $81,395 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

51% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 56% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 16.6 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
5
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
16.6
across all schools here
Math proficiency
51.2%
Top 9% in South Dakota
Reading proficiency
55.8%
Top 18% in South Dakota
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
T F Riggs High School - 01Pierre School District 32-285517.8
Georgia Morse Middle School - 02Pierre School District 32-267217.752%62%
Buchanan Elementary - 03Pierre School District 32-243216.657%61%
Kennedy Elementary - 08Pierre School District 32-241315.951%50%
Jefferson Elementary - 06Pierre School District 32-237713.544%45%

31.0% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against South Dakota’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $990 takes 15% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.0 times median household income here, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.

Rent as a share of income
14.6%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.0×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$990
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$242,000
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income2.97Top 49%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate72.0%Bottom 37%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±417,997Bottom 36%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$89$990Top 32%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$15,163$242,000Top 30%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income14.6%Bottom 21%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate9.3%Bottom 26%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
18/ 100
Ranks 1181 of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has fallen 1% since 2020, reaching 17,526 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 1.2 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
21
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
1.2
Bottom 20% nationally
Year over year
−28%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202418k18k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
202220232024202513521
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+38%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 88°F and January a low of 9°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 20.2 inches, including 37.2 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 8, in the Good band, and no day in the year passed 100.

0°20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station PIERRE RGNL AP, 15.3 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND3.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index34.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation20.2"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall37.2"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low9°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high88°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10002024 calendar year
Median air quality index8.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing56°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
8
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
34
90th percentile index
Days above 100
0
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

50 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, cold wave and wildfire.

Overall hazard risk is lower than 84% of measured US locations.

WildfireElevated
Winter weatherModerate
Cold waveModerate
Inland floodingElevated
Heat waveModerate

Low or minimal exposure: ice storm, drought, hail, tornado, strong wind, landslide, lightning, earthquake.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Hughes County records 0.0 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Drug overdose deaths run at 7.8 per 100,000 residents in Hughes County.

Homicide
0.0
per 100,000 residents
Firearm deaths, all intents
0.0
per 100,000 residents
Drug overdose
7.8
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
0.0
per 100,000 residents

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Hughes County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Hughes County rather than Hughes County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Cost of living now is — the index above is the Bureau of Economic Analysis price parity for this area — but it is a price level for all consumption rather than a budget for a household, its spread is driven mostly by housing, and it excludes taxes. Housing affordability is computed separately from rent, price and income, because that answers a narrower and more actionable question. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

No airport meeting the AreaProfile major-airport definition lies within 100 miles; the nearest is 154 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Rapid City RgnlRAP154 mi8,701 ft
Joe Foss FldFSD170 mi9,000 ft
Alliance MuniAIA215 mi9,203 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023Annually, each December
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

Cities in Hughes County, SD