Brookings County, SD

County Profile

35,353 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Brookings County, SD.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

67out of 100
Area Score
Top 31% of 1,225 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 16% of 1,255 counties measured74
Schools597th of 973 counties measured42
GrowthTop 22% of 1,226 counties measured65
Housing affordability685th of 1,255 counties measured91
Climate1205th of 1,254 counties measured51
Physical resilienceTop 32% of 1,255 counties measured73
Access1031st of 1,255 counties measured62
Economic stabilityTop 33% of 1,255 counties measured72
The quick read

Brookings County ranks in the top 16% of published profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 2.0% and median household income of $70,064.

In the public schools here, 46% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 14.8 students for every teacher.

Residential permitting has slowed: 225 units authorized over the past twelve months, 35% below the prior year.

At a glance

Population
35,353
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$70,064
Top 37% nationally
Density
45/sq mi
792.2 sq mi of land
Median age
28.0
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Brookings County
South Dakota
Metro area
Brookings, SD
Nearest major airport
FSD
55 mi · Joe Foss Fld
Median home value
$264,600
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 2.0% is lower than 99% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 1.2% over the past year, to 19,108 employed residents.

43% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 93% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$6,292$70,064Top 37%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,429$35,295Top 48%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income$64,436Top 27%of 1,2062023
Poverty rate13.2%Bottom 49%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute15.6 minBottom 3%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher42.5%Top 7%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Employment19,108Bottom 21%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (3 years)1.8%Top 31%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.2%Bottom 37%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force19,490Bottom 20%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force participation69.0%Top 5%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.1%Bottom 39%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate2.0%Bottom 1%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/063.51.3
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 2.0% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202470k59k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $70,064 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

46% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 48% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 14.8 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
18
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
14.8
across all schools here
Math proficiency
45.9%
Top 45% in South Dakota
Reading proficiency
48.4%
Bottom 18% in South Dakota
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Brookings High School - 01Brookings School District 05-197916.9
George S. Mickelson Middle School - 02Brookings School District 05-178014.447%47%
Camelot Intermediate - 06Brookings School District 05-152317.434%52%
Dakota Prairie Elementary - 07Brookings School District 05-150915.052%52%
Sioux Valley Elementary - 02Sioux Valley School District 05-537214.348%51%
Medary Elementary - 05Brookings School District 05-135812.857%47%
Hillcrest Elementary - 04Brookings School District 05-131613.755%45%
Sioux Valley High School - 01Sioux Valley School District 05-521417.8
Elkton Elementary - 02Elkton School District 05-318610.330%43%
Sioux Valley Middle School - 04Sioux Valley School District 05-515613.035%45%
Elkton High School - 01Elkton School District 05-314014.0
Deubrook High School - 01Deubrook Area School District 05-610511.7

20.2% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against South Dakota’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $901 takes 15% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 3.8 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
15.4%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
3.8×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$901
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$264,600
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income3.78Top 24%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate57.2%Bottom 5%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±6315,179Top 44%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$83$901Top 45%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$11,840$264,600Top 25%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income15.4%Bottom 31%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate9.1%Bottom 25%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
65/ 100
Top 22% of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is increasing — 2 consecutive years, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 6% since 2020, reaching 36,359 in 2024.

Population is still rising, but more slowly than in the preceding year.

At 6.4 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is above the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
225
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
6.4
Top 20% nationally
Year over year
−35%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
37.3%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202436k34k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
2022202320242025339128
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+163%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 81°F and January a low of 4°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 25.2 inches, including 35.8 inches of snow.

Air quality measures a median index of 36, in the Good band, and about 2 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

-10°10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station BROOKINGS 2 NE, 3.9 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.3"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index56.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation25.2"1991-2020 Normals
Annual snowfall35.8"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low4°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high81°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10022024 calendar year
Median air quality index36.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing58°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
36
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
56
90th percentile index
Days above 100
2
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

73 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are tornado, strong wind and hail.

Winter weatherModerate
TornadoElevated
HailModerate
Strong windElevated
Heat waveModerate
LightningModerate

Low or minimal exposure: ice storm, cold wave, wildfire, inland flooding, drought, landslide, earthquake.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Brookings County records 0.0 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 11.4 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 6.2 per 100,000 residents in Brookings County.

Homicide
0.0
per 100,000 residents
Firearm deaths, all intents
11.4
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
6.2
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
16.4
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Brookings County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Brookings County rather than Brookings County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Cost of living now is — the index above is the Bureau of Economic Analysis price parity for this area — but it is a price level for all consumption rather than a budget for a household, its spread is driven mostly by housing, and it excludes taxes. Housing affordability is computed separately from rent, price and income, because that answers a narrower and more actionable question. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 55 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Joe Foss FldFSD55 mi9,000 ft
Sioux Gateway/Brig General Bud Day FldSUX138 mi9,002 ft
Hector IntlFAR176 mi9,001 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
67
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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023Annually, each December
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

Cities in Brookings County, SD