Malheur County, OR

County Profile

31,954 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Malheur County, OR.

Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.

49out of 100
Area Score
Bottom 10% of 1,225 profiles measured

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
Opportunity1114th of 1,255 counties measured33
Schools699th of 973 counties measured34
GrowthTop 32% of 1,226 counties measured59
Housing affordability922nd of 1,255 counties measured82
Climate947th of 1,254 counties measured61
Physical resilience878th of 1,255 counties measured45
Access1140th of 1,255 counties measured50
Economic stability1132nd of 1,255 counties measured31
The quick read

Employment conditions sit below most comparable published profiles: unemployment is 5.4% and the Opportunity signal places Malheur County in the bottom 11%.

In the public schools here, 24% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 15.6 students for every teacher.

71 housing units were authorized over the past twelve months, within 3% of the prior year — steady rather than turning.

At a glance

Population
31,954
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$54,519
Bottom 22% nationally
Density
3/sq mi
9887.7 sq mi of land
Median age
36.1
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Malheur County
Oregon
Metro area
Ontario, OR-ID
Nearest major airport
BOI
74 mi · Boise Air Trml/Gowen Fld
Median home value
$248,900
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 5.4% is lower than 13% of the 1,255 measured US locations.

Employment fell 0.5% over the past year, to 12,626 employed residents.

Median household income of $54,519 is below 78% of measured US locations.

MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Median household income ±$5,992$54,519Bottom 22%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$1,214$25,000Bottom 8%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Per-capita personal income$40,784Bottom 2%of 1,2062023
Poverty rate17.6%Top 26%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute20.8 minBottom 18%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher15.2%Bottom 13%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Employment12,626Bottom 8%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (3 years)2.9%Top 20%of 1,255June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-0.5%Top 45%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force13,344Bottom 8%of 1,255June 2026
Labor force participation50.4%Bottom 16%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Unemployment change (year over year)0.3%Top 33%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate5.4%Top 13%of 1,255June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/065.43.3
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 5.4% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202455k48k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $54,519 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.

24% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 38% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 15.6 students for every full-time teacher, more than in most measured places.

Public schools
22
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
15.6
across all schools here
Math proficiency
23.5%
Bottom 30% in Oregon
Reading proficiency
38.1%
Bottom 35% in Oregon
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Ontario High SchoolOntario SD 8C70918.2
Nyssa Elementary SchoolNyssa SD 2650213.937%32%
Ontario Middle SchoolOntario SD 8C47115.212%
Vale Elementary SchoolVale SD 8443817.525%25%
Four Rivers Community School · charterOregon Department of Education36718.421%50%
Alameda Intermediate SchoolOntario SD 8C35516.125%35%
Nyssa High SchoolNyssa SD 2633514.6
Aiken Elementary SchoolOntario SD 8C33315.915%55%
May Roberts Primary SchoolOntario SD 8C30214.411%19%
Vale High SchoolVale SD 8429315.4
Nyssa Middle SchoolNyssa SD 2629116.217%37%
Harper Charter School · charterHarper SD 6625819.8

88.0% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with rather than how the schools perform, which is why AreaProfile shows it and does not score it.

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Oregon’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $821 takes 18% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 4.6 times median household income here, above the historic benchmark of about three times income.

Rent as a share of income
18.1%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
4.6×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$821
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$248,900
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared nationallySource period
Home price to income4.57Top 13%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate63.2%Bottom 12%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±7211,716Bottom 48%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$48$821Bottom 39%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$19,195$248,900Top 28%of 3,2192024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income18.1%Top 37%of 3,2162024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate12.2%Bottom 40%of 3,2222024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
59/ 100
Top 32% of 1,226 published city profiles
Permitting is increasing — 3 consecutive years, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 2% since 2020, reaching 32,315 in 2024.

Permit activity has risen for 3 consecutive years.

New construction is predominantly single-family: only 0% of permitted units are in buildings of five or more homes.

At 2.2 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US locations.

Units permitted
71
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
2.2
Bottom 38% nationally
Year over year
+3%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
0.0%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202432k32k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
20222023202420258632
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was higher than 2022 (+169%).

Weather & climate

4 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 88°F and January a low of 22°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 11.3 inches.

10°30°50°70°90°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station MURPHY 10 W, 43.0 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND1.4"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
Annual precipitation11.3"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low22°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high88°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months41991-2020 Normals
Seasonal temperature swing42°F1991-2020 Normals

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today.

Physical risk

45 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, wildfire and earthquake.

WildfireElevated
Winter weatherModerate
LandslideModerate
EarthquakeElevated
AvalancheModerate
Heat waveHigh
HailModerate
Volcanic activityModerate
Inland floodingModerate

Low or minimal exposure: lightning, drought, ice storm, strong wind, cold wave, tornado.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA National Risk Index county record. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Malheur County records 2.2 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 16.6 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 15.6 per 100,000 residents in Malheur County.

Homicide
2.2
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
16.6
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
15.6
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
22.8
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Malheur County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Malheur County rather than Malheur County itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
Offences reported to police are published by department rather than by town, and only where a department reported every month of the year. No municipal department reports for this place — many smaller communities are policed by the county — so there is no figure to show. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
Taxes
Taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Cost of living now is — the index above is the Bureau of Economic Analysis price parity for this area — but it is a price level for all consumption rather than a budget for a household, its spread is driven mostly by housing, and it excludes taxes. Housing affordability is computed separately from rent, price and income, because that answers a narrower and more actionable question. Nothing here is individualised tax advice.
Anything about a specific address
Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house. School attendance zones, insurance pricing and the character of a neighbourhood all vary within the places measured here.

Access

1 major airport lies within 100 miles, the nearest 74 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Boise Air Trml/Gowen FldBOI74 mi10,000 ft
Joslin Fld/Magic Valley RgnlTWF165 mi8,704 ft
WendoverENV251 mi10,002 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
IncomeU.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Regional price parities and county personal income
2023Annually, each December
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

Cities in Malheur County, OR