Northampton, Massachusetts

Area Profile

30,962 residents. Public schools, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Northampton, in Hampshire County.

67out of 100
Area Score
Top 28% of 2,944 published profiles

How we calculate this

How this area ranks
OpportunityTop 23% of 3,904 published cities70
SchoolsTop 34% of 2,668 published cities64
Growth1821st of 2,973 published cities44
Housing affordability2952nd of 4,223 published cities67
Climate3647th of 4,223 published cities60
Physical resilienceTop 20% of 4,182 published cities82
AccessTop 15% of 4,226 published cities98
Economic stability2596th of 4,226 published cities54
The quick read

Northampton ranks in the top 23% of published city profiles for employment opportunity, with unemployment at 3.5% and median household income of $80,288.

Residential permitting has slowed: 28 units authorized over the past twelve months, 54% below the prior year.

Natural-hazard exposure is lower than in most comparable published city profiles, placing Northampton in the top 20% for physical resilience.

At a glance

Population
30,962
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median household income
$80,288
Top 33% nationally
Density
904/sq mi
34.2 sq mi of land
Median age
41.3
2024 ACS 5-Year
County
Hampshire County
Massachusetts
Metro area
Amherst Town-Northampton, MA
Nearest major airport
BAF
12 mi · Westfield-Barnes Rgnl
Median home value
$429,700
2024 ACS 5-Year

Jobs & opportunity

Unemployment of 3.5% is lower than 84% of the 3,904 measured US cities.

Employment fell 1.5% over the past year, to 15,685 employed residents.

63% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 94% of measured US cities.

MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Median household income ±$6,084$80,288Top 33%2024 ACS 5-Year
Per capita income ±$3,623$50,705Top 17%2024 ACS 5-Year
Poverty rate13.4%Top 41%2024 ACS 5-Year
Average commute23.2 minBottom 31%2024 ACS 5-Year
Bachelor's degree or higher62.7%Top 6%2024 ACS 5-Year
Employment15,685Bottom 16%June 2026
Employment change (3 years)1.3%Top 31%June 2026
Employment change (year over year)-1.5%Bottom 35%June 2026
Labor force16,250Bottom 16%June 2026
Labor force participation62.8%Top 42%2024 ACS 5-Year
Mean annual wage$70,730Top 42%2025 OEWS
Median annual wage$57,030Top 28%2025 OEWS
Unemployment change (year over year)-0.3%Bottom 30%June 2026
Unemployment rate3.5%Bottom 16%June 2026
Unemployment rate
2021/062022/032022/122023/092024/062025/032025/102026/064.72.7
Monthly unemployment rate from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most recent value 3.5% in June 2026. A break in the line is a month the Bureau of Labor Statistics did not publish for this area — it is left empty rather than estimated.
Median household income, successive ACS releases
202120222023202481k73k
Each point is a separate five-year estimate, most recently $80,288 in the 2024 ACS 5-Year. Consecutive releases share four years of sample, so AreaProfile shows them as a record of successive estimates and does not compute a year-over-year change from them.
Largest occupations — Amherst Town-Northampton, MA
OccupationPeople employedMedian annual wage
Home Health and Personal Care Aides2,350$41,700
Fast Food and Counter Workers2,080$34,350
Retail Salespersons1,790$36,630
General and Operations Managers1,600$98,200
Office Clerks, General1,400$52,190
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive1,250$51,100

Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

28% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 51% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.

There are 10.7 students for every full-time teacher, fewer than in most measured places.

Public schools
12
2024-25 school year
Students per teacher
10.7
across all schools here
Math proficiency
28.3%
Top 50% in Massachusetts
Reading proficiency
51.2%
Top 37% in Massachusetts
SchoolDistrictStudentsPer teacherMathReading
Mountain View SchoolEasthampton99112.1
Northampton HighNorthampton87514.8
Hampshire Regional HighHampshire71810.122%47%
Smith Vocational and Agricultural HighNorthampton-Smith Vocational Agricultural5879.0
John F Kennedy Middle SchoolNorthampton57710.322%42%
Easthampton HighEasthampton3779.9
Bridge StreetNorthampton28110.421%52%
Jackson StreetNorthampton27911.242%59%
LeedsNorthampton2539.435%64%
R. K. Finn Ryan RoadNorthampton2319.625%44%
Hilltown Cooperative Charter Public School · charterHilltown Cooperative Charter Public21810.940%63%
Westhampton Elementary SchoolWesthampton955.960%70%

Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data. Schools are placed by ZIP code, so this is which schools are in this place rather than which one a particular address is zoned for — district boundaries do not follow municipal ones, and enrollment zones change. Fully virtual schools are excluded: they enroll students from across the state while reporting one administrative address, and counting them here would describe a school population this place does not have. The assessment covers grades 3 through 8, so a high school shows no proficiency figure — a dash in those columns means the test was not given at that school, not that it performed badly. Proficiency is measured against Massachusetts’s own standard, so it compares cleanly within the state and only broadly against other states; AreaProfile therefore ranks it within state. The directory is current, while the proficiency figures are from the last school year with national coverage before the pandemic interrupted testing.

Housing & affordability

How it’s calculated →

Median rent of $1,439 takes 22% of median household income, below the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened.

A median home costs 5.4 times median household income here, well above the historic benchmark, at a level conventionally described as seriously unaffordable.

Rent as a share of income
21.5%
Below the 30% cost-burdened threshold
Home price to income
5.4×
median home value ÷ median income
Median gross rent
$1,439
2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value
$429,700
2024 ACS 5-Year
MetricValueCompared with peersSource period
Home price to income5.35Top 13%2024 ACS 5-Year
Homeownership rate57.3%Bottom 17%2024 ACS 5-Year
Housing units ±38214,192Top 4%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median gross rent ±$75$1,439Top 22%2024 ACS 5-Year
Median home value ±$16,777$429,700Top 16%2024 ACS 5-Year
Rent as a share of income21.5%Top 32%2024 ACS 5-Year
Vacancy rate5.1%Bottom 29%2024 ACS 5-Year

Both affordability measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with, so the comparison is like for like. They describe housing cost against local earnings and are not a cost-of-living index — transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not included, and a place can look affordable here and still be expensive to live in for reasons this does not capture.

Growth & development

How it’s calculated →
Development Momentum
44/ 100
Ranks 1821 of 2,973 published city profiles
Permitting is decreasing, measured from 2022 to 2025.

An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.

Population has grown 7% since 2020, reaching 31,315 in 2024.

Permitting has turned downward after moving the other way the year before.

At 0.9 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US cities.

Units permitted
28
12 months ending July 2026
Per 1,000 residents
0.9
Bottom 29% nationally
Year over year
−54%
vs the prior twelve months
Multifamily share
35.7%
units in 5+ unit buildings
Population, annual estimates
2020202120222023202431k29k
Census Population Estimates Program, July 1 of each year. These annual estimates are designed for year-over-year comparison, unlike the ACS five-year figure shown as this profile's population.
Housing units permitted per year
20222023202420255232
Annual totals from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permitting in 2025 was lower than 2022 (−14%).

Weather & climate

5 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 85°F and January a low of 16°F.

Normal annual precipitation is 45.2 inches.

Air quality measures a median index of 35, in the Good band, and about 2 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.

0°20°40°60°80°100°JFMAMJJASOND
Solid line: normal daily high. Dashed line: normal daily low. 1991-2020 normals from NOAA station WESTFIELD BARNES MUNI AP, 11.9 miles from this location.
Precipitation
JFMAMJJASOND4.7"
Normal monthly precipitation, in inches.
MetricValueSource period
90th percentile air quality index51.02024 calendar year
Annual precipitation45.2"1991-2020 Normals
Average January low16°F1991-2020 Normals
Average July high85°F1991-2020 Normals
Comfortable months51991-2020 Normals
Days above AQI 10022024 calendar year
Median air quality index35.02024 calendar year
Seasonal temperature swing48°F1991-2020 Normals
Air quality
Median air quality index
35
Good on a typical day
Worst tenth of days
51
90th percentile index
Days above 100
2
unhealthy for sensitive groups

A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.

Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. They describe what a typical year looks like rather than what the weather is doing today. Air quality is measured rather than modelled, by EPA monitors, and published by county only where a monitor sits — roughly half the counties AreaProfile publishes have one, and the rest show nothing rather than an estimate. Air masses are regional, so a county reading describes the air over a place reasonably well, but it is still the county reading.

Physical risk

82 / 100
Physical resilience

The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are hurricane, tornado and earthquake.

HurricaneElevated
Ice stormModerate
LandslideModerate
EarthquakeModerate
LightningModerate
DroughtModerate
Heat waveModerate
TornadoModerate

Low or minimal exposure: inland flooding, strong wind, cold wave, hail, winter weather, wildfire, avalanche.

Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). FEMA publishes at county level. City values are the population-weighted mean of the counties the city overlaps, using AreaProfile place-to-county land-area weights. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.

These are deaths, not offences. AreaProfile does not publish reported crime, and this is not a substitute for it — it says nothing about burglary, theft or assault.

Hampshire County records 1.3 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, lower than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.

Firearm deaths of all intents run at 8.0 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, because nationally most firearm deaths are suicides.

Drug overdose deaths run at 12.3 per 100,000 residents in Hampshire County.

Homicide
1.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Firearm deaths, all intents
8.0
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Drug overdose
12.3
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths
Suicide
10.5
per 100,000 residents · under 10 deaths

Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides. The two columns overlap and should not be added.

Age-adjusted rates from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC for Hampshire County as a whole — these rates are not published below county level. A county can hold both a dense city centre and a suburb whose experience of it is nothing alike, so this describes the county around Northampton rather than Northampton itself. That is why AreaProfile shows these figures and does not put them in the Area Score. Where fewer than ten deaths were recorded the count is suppressed at source, and a rate built on single figures moves sharply between releases. What this measure has that reported crime does not: a death certificate is filed whether or not the local police agency submitted a return that year, so the figures stay comparable between places and over time.

What this profile does not cover

Three things people look for are missing from every AreaProfile page, and each is missing for a reason rather than by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them and the weighting is documented on the methodology page.

Reported crime
The FBI’s Crime Data Explorer is the only source for reported offences with national coverage and a published method, and it requires an API key AreaProfile does not hold. Arrest counts, news volume and commercial “safety scores” are not substituted in the meantime. What is published above under Safety is a different measurement — deaths rather than offences, from death certificates rather than police returns — and it covers no property crime at all.
Taxes
No tax dataset has met the source admission test for coverage, transparent methodology and update cadence. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
Full cost of living
No public source publishes one with national coverage and a documented method. Housing affordability above is computed from published rent, price and income, and excludes transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes — commuting cost in particular tends to offset suburban housing savings.

Access

7 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest 12 miles away.

AirportCodeDistanceLongest runway
Westfield-Barnes RgnlBAF12 mi9,000 ft
Bradley IntlBDL27 mi9,510 ft
Albany IntlALB64 mi8,500 ft

Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.

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Area Score
67
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Other cities in Amherst Town-Northampton, MA

Same metropolitan area, measured the same way
CityCountyPopulationArea ScoreCompare
Amherst TownHampshire County38,182vs Northampton

Every city here is measured on the same scale from the same source releases, so the comparison is like for like. A higher Area Score reflects AreaProfile’s standardized weighting rather than a judgment about which is the better place to live.

Data & methodology

Used forSourceSource periodUpdated
AccessFederal Aviation Administration
Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service
NASR current cycle28-day NASR cycle
Physical riskFederal Emergency Management Agency
National Risk Index
National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0)Periodic dataset versions (v1.20.0 current)
ClimateNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly)
1991-2020 NormalsEvery ten years (next release follows the 2001–2030 period)
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Local Area Unemployment Statistics
June 2026Monthly
JobsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
2025 OEWSAnnual (spring release)
DemographicsU.S. Census Bureau
Population Estimates Program
July 1, 2024 estimateAnnual (vintage released each spring)
DevelopmentU.S. Census Bureau
Building Permits Survey
12 months ending July 2026Monthly, roughly three weeks after the reference month
Demographics, Housing, Income, JobsU.S. Census Bureau
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File)
2024 ACS 5-YearAnnual (5-year estimates released each December)
safetyU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
Provisional county-level mortality by intent
April, 2025 to March, 2026Quarterly, with a rolling twelve-month window alongside complete calendar years
schoolsU.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments
2019-20 school year; 2024-25 school yearDirectory annually; assessment results as EDFacts releases them
ClimateU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System
Daily Air Quality Index by county
2024 calendar yearAnnually, once a calendar year is complete

Profile recalculated August 30, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology or browse every source.

ZIP codes in Northampton

5 published ZIP profiles
ZIPPopulationMedian household incomeArea Score
0102717,716$74,14667
0106016,492$76,84867
010629,816$87,58867
010532,304$92,58270
010632,272$91,34468