Baltimore city, MD
County Profile
573,243 residents. Safety, jobs, income, housing cost, climate and natural-hazard risk for Baltimore city, MD.
Several figures AreaProfile publishes are measured by county and nowhere finer — death rates by intent among them. On this page those describe the geography they are printed on, which is not true of the city and ZIP pages that inherit them.
How this area ranks
Data updated · 14 sourcesEmployment conditions sit below most comparable counties measured: unemployment is 5.7% and the Opportunity signal places Baltimore city in the bottom 21%.
In the public schools here, 17% of students met the state standard in mathematics, with 14.9 students for every teacher.
Residential permitting has slowed: 884 units authorized over the past twelve months, 30% below the prior year.
These sentences are written by fixed rules from the measurements below — a statement appears because a number crossed a stated threshold, and the values behind it are stored with it. No figure anywhere on this site is invented, estimated or inferred to fill a gap. How this works.
At a glance
Jobs & opportunity
Unemployment of 5.7% — higher than in all but 9% of the 1,467 measured US counties.
Employment fell 0.3% over the past year, to 267,906 employed residents.
36% of adults hold a four-year degree, higher than 87% of measured US counties.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Income of new arrivalsfiling years 2022–2023 | $56,969 | 45th percentileof 1,417 | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Income of those who leftfiling years 2022–2023 | $72,605 | 80th percentileof 1,417 | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Median household income ±$1,3782024 ACS 5-Year | $62,177 | Bottom 42%of 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per capita income ±$5772024 ACS 5-Year | $40,604 | Top 24%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Per-capita personal income2023 | $66,282 | Top 23%of 1,389 | 2023 |
| Poverty rate ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year | 19.3% | Bottom 18%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Average commute ±0.4 min2024 ACS 5-Year | 31.0 min | Bottom 19%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Bachelor's degree or higher ±0.7%2024 ACS 5-Year | 36.1% | Top 13%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Drove alone to work ±1%2024 ACS 5-Year | 55.5% | 2nd percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| EmploymentJuly 2026 | 267,906 | Top 9%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (3 years)July 2026 | −1.8% | Bottom 28%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Employment change (year over year)July 2026 | −0.3% | Top 45%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Labor forceJuly 2026 | 284,119 | 91st percentileof 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Labor force participation ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 77.6% | Top 39%of 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Public transit to work ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 10.3% | 99th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Unemployment change (year over year)July 2026 | 0.0% | Bottom 40%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Unemployment rateJuly 2026 | 5.7% | Bottom 9%of 1,467 | July 2026 |
| Worked from home ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 17.8% | 93rd percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
Unemployment rate
Median household income, successive ACS releases
Largest occupations — Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD
| Occupation | People employed | Median annual wage |
|---|---|---|
| General and Operations Managers | 44,960 | $117,040 |
| Retail Salespersons | 39,920 | $34,800 |
| Registered Nurses | 30,930 | $99,550 |
| Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive | 29,780 | $49,220 |
| Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand | 28,350 | $43,250 |
| Home Health and Personal Care Aides | 26,880 | $37,640 |
Searches the 40 largest occupations here that have a published wage.
Occupational employment and wages are published for metropolitan areas rather than for individual cities or ZIP areas, so these describe the wider labor market this location sits in. 2025 OEWS, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
17% of students met the state standard in mathematics and 23% in reading, across the schools here that reported results.
There are 14.9 students for every full-time teacher across 147 public schools, more than in most measured places.
| School | District | Students | Per teacher | Math | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mergenthaler Vocational-Technical High | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,714 | 14.8 | 9% | 30% |
| Baltimore Polytechnic Institute | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,632 | 19.2 | 82% | 87% |
| Baltimore City College | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,470 | 18.6 | 52% | 78% |
| KIPP Harmony Academy · charter | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,399 | 14.9 | 20% | 22% |
| Roland Park Elementary/Middle | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,371 | 18.8 | 58% | 64% |
| Digital Harbor High School | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,359 | 15.6 | 3% | 17% |
| Patterson High | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,330 | 15.1 | 8% | 8% |
| Western High | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,290 | 16.8 | 30% | 59% |
| Paul Laurence Dunbar High | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,087 | 18.1 | 17% | 37% |
| Lakeland Elementary/Middle | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,070 | 13.0 | 30% | 43% |
| John Ruhrah Elementary/Middle | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,061 | 12.1 | 12% | 11% |
| Carver Vocational-Technical High | Baltimore City Public Schools | 1,041 | 17.4 | 3% | 3% |
73.7% of students here are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. That describes the circumstances families arrive with, not how the schools perform, so it is shown and not scored.
Public schools only, from the NCES Common Core of Data, placed by ZIP code — which schools are in this place, not which one a particular address is zoned for. A dash in a proficiency column is a gap in the federal file, not a bad result. Proficiency is measured against Maryland’s own standard, so it is ranked within state. How to read school figures.
Housing & affordability
How it’s calculated — housing affordability →Prices for everything a household buys run about 3% above the national average — the Bureau of Economic Analysis index reads 103.2, against 100 for the nation. Nationally, housing drives most of the spread between places in this index; other goods vary far less.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s house price index for the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area is up 32% over five years, and up 2.7% over the last year. It follows repeat sales of the same homes, so it measures price change rather than which homes happened to sell.
Homeowners here who pay a tax bill pay a median of $3,354 a year in real estate taxes, about 1.46% of the median home value.
HUD’s Fair Market Rent for a two-bedroom, set near the 40th percentile of recent new leases, is $1,857, some 40% above the $1,331 tenants already here pay.
At HUD’s Fair Market Rent of $1,857 a month for a two-bedroom, keeping rent to 30% of income takes a household income of about $74,300 a year, about 119% of the median household income here of $62,177.
The typical renter household here spends 32% of its income on rent, above the 30% threshold at which a household is considered cost-burdened. Median gross rent runs $1,331 a month.
A median home at $229,600 costs 2.6 times the median income of its owner-occupied households, $88,842, close to the historic benchmark for an affordable market.
Prices here run about 3% above the national average. The spread between places is driven mostly by housing — goods vary far less — and this excludes taxes.
Published for the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area as a whole. Prices are regional — people shop, commute and rent across a metropolitan area rather than within a city boundary — so this describes the cost of living around this place better than a figure drawn to its own limits would.
The figures above are measured against Baltimore city’s median household income of $62,177, which describes the place rather than you. Enter your own and the ratio is recomputed against it. It stays in this browser.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of living indexthe Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area’s figure2023 | 103.2 | Bottom 16%of 887 | 2023 |
| Home price change (1 year)the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +2.7% | 30th percentileof 1,431 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price change (5 years)the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +31.8% | 11th percentileof 1,431 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price change (10 years)the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metro Area’s figure2026 Q2 | +61.0% | 5th percentileof 1,431 | 2026 Q2 |
| Home price to income ±0.12024 ACS 5-Year | 2.6 | Bottom 46%of 3,217 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Homeownership rate ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year | 47.5% | 1st percentileof 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Housing units ±1792024 ACS 5-Year | 295,032 | 97th percentileof 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Market rent, one bedroomFY2026 | $1,511 | Bottom 15%of 1,423 | FY2026 |
| Market rent, three bedroomFY2026 | $2,358 | Bottom 11%of 1,423 | FY2026 |
| Market rent, two bedroomFY2026 | $1,857 | Bottom 9%of 1,423 | FY2026 |
| Median gross rent ±$152024 ACS 5-Year | $1,331 | Bottom 12%of 3,215 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median home value ±$3,4252024 ACS 5-Year | $229,600 | 66th percentileof 3,219 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Median property taxes ±$562024 ACS 5-Year | $3,354 | 88th percentileof 3,172 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Owner household income ±$2,8562024 ACS 5-Year | $88,842 | Top 26%of 3,218 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Property tax rate ±0.03%2024 ACS 5-Year | 1.46% | 88th percentileof 3,126 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Rent as a share of income ±0.8%2024 ACS 5-Year | 32.0% | Bottom 14%of 3,216 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Seasonal and second homes ±1452024 ACS 5-Year | 375 | 51st percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Second homes2024 ACS 5-Year | 0.1% | 2nd percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacancy rate2024 ACS 5-Year | 13.2% | 75th percentileof 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Vacant housing units ±1,4052024 ACS 5-Year | 39,364 | 98th percentileof 3,222 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
These measures come from the same ACS release as the income they are compared with. They compare housing cost with local earnings only: transport, groceries, healthcare, insurance and taxes are not in them. How to read affordability, the two rent figures and the cost-of-living index.
Growth & development
How it’s calculated — growth →Development Momentum
An AreaProfile calculation combining permit volume per resident, its direction over one and three years, population change and employment growth. Permit volume alone is not the measure.
Population has fallen 3% since 2020, to 568,271 in 2024.
Permit activity fell in each of the 4 calendar years through 2025.
60% of the 884 units permitted over the past twelve months are in buildings of five or more homes, so new supply is concentrated in apartments and condominiums rather than detached houses.
Federal tax returns show Baltimore city lost about 0.9% of its residents through moves within the US in the most recent year, counting those who arrived against those who left. Households that moved in reported an average income of $56,969, below the $72,605 of households that moved out.
At 1.5 permitted units per 1,000 residents, building activity is below the median for measured US counties.
Population, annual estimates
People moving in and out
Where newcomers came from
- Baltimore County, MD 11,086 people · 37% of arrivals
- Anne Arundel County, MD 2,031 people · 6.7% of arrivals
- Prince George's County, MD 1,430 people · 4.7% of arrivals
- Howard County, MD 1,187 people · 3.9% of arrivals
- Montgomery County, MD 909 people · 3.0% of arrivals
Where people who left went
- Baltimore County, MD 14,217 people · 42% of departures
- Anne Arundel County, MD 2,336 people · 7.0% of departures
- Howard County, MD 1,218 people · 3.6% of departures
- Harford County, MD 1,104 people · 3.3% of departures
- Prince George's County, MD 834 people · 2.5% of departures
Based on the address on federal tax returns, compared with the same filers a year earlier. It counts people who file, and sees a move only when the address on a return changes. Domestic moves only: people arriving from abroad are left out. IRS Statistics of Income, filing years 2022–2023.
Housing units permitted per year
Weather & climate
6 of the twelve months have a normal average temperature between 55°F and 80°F. July averages a high of 90°F and January a low of 30°F.
Normal annual precipitation is 43.7 inches.
Air quality measures a median index of 42, in the Good band, and about 6 days a year pass 100, the threshold at which the air is unhealthy for sensitive groups.
Precipitation
| Metric | Value | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| 90th percentile air quality index2024 calendar year | 67 | 2024 calendar year |
| Annual precipitation1991-2020 Normals | 43.7" | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average January low1991-2020 Normals | 30°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Average July high1991-2020 Normals | 90°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Comfortable months1991-2020 Normals | 6 | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Days above AQI 1002024 calendar year | 6 | 2024 calendar year |
| Median air quality index2024 calendar year | 42 | 2024 calendar year |
| Seasonal temperature swing1991-2020 Normals | 45°F | 1991-2020 Normals |
Air quality
A comfortable median and a bad tail are different problems. Wildfire smoke and summer ozone show up in the worst tenth of days, not in the middle of the year.
Climate figures are thirty-year normals, not current conditions. Air quality is measured by EPA monitors and published by county only where a monitor sits; a county without one shows nothing rather than an estimate, and a county reading is still the county’s. How to read climate and air quality.
Physical risk
The hazards accounting for most of this area's expected annual loss are inland flooding, heat wave and cold wave, with inland flooding alone responsible for 38% of it. Every one of these is independently rated low or minimal nationally — this describes how a small risk is composed, not a large one.
Overall hazard risk is lower than 96% of measured US counties.
Low or minimal exposure: heat wave, winter weather, cold wave, strong wind, tornado, inland flooding, lightning, hail, ice storm, coastal flooding, landslide, wildfire, drought, tsunami, volcanic activity, avalanche.
Hazard ratings are AreaProfile calculations derived from the FEMA National Risk Index v1.20.0 (December 2025). These are FEMA’s own figures for this county rather than a value derived from surrounding geographies. FEMA does not endorse this presentation. Higher physical resilience means lower exposure.
These are deaths, not offenses — they say nothing about burglary, theft or assault.
Baltimore city records 23.5 homicide deaths per 100,000 residents a year, higher than most counties measured. The CDC does not publish this below county level.
Firearm deaths of all intents run at 23.7 per 100,000 — more than the homicide rate, since the figure counts suicides and accidents as well as homicides.
Drug overdose deaths run at 86.5 per 100,000 residents in Baltimore city.
Firearm deaths count every intent together, and nationally the majority are suicides rather than homicides, so the firearm figure and the homicide figure above it count some of the same deaths twice over. They overlap and should not be added together.
Death rates are crude rates — deaths divided by population, not adjusted for age — except where a count was too small for the CDC to publish and it modeled the rate, which the card marks. They come from provisional death certificate records, published by the CDC by county and not below it. So they describe Baltimore city as a whole. They are shown and not scored. How to read death rates.
What this profile does not cover
Each of these is absent for a reason, not by oversight. The Area Score is calculated without them; the weighting is on the methodology page.
- Reported crime
- Offenses reported to police are published by department rather than by town, so AreaProfile shows a rate only on city profiles, and only where that city’s department submitted every month of a year. City profiles inside this area carry their own figure where their department reported a full year. A partial year is never scaled up to look complete, and arrest counts or news volume are never substituted for it.
- Taxes
- Income and sales taxes are not published: no source covers them nationally with a method open enough to check. Property taxes are shown in the housing section but are not part of the score. The cost-of-living index above is a price level for all consumption, not a household budget, and it excludes taxes. Nothing here is individualized tax advice.
- Anything about a specific address
- Every figure describes an area, not a street or a house.
Access
5 major airports lie within 100 miles, the nearest Baltimore/Washington Intl Thurgood Marshall at 9 miles.
| Metric | Value | Compared nationally | Source period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broadband access ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 85.4% | Bottom 39%of 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Distance to major airportNASR current cycle | 9 mi | Top 8%of 1,463 | NASR current cycle |
| Major airports within 100 milesNASR current cycle | 5 | Top 26%of 1,463 | NASR current cycle |
| No internet access ±0.6%2024 ACS 5-Year | 9.8% | Top 46%of 3,221 | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Airport | Code | Distance | Longest runway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baltimore/Washington Intl Thurgood Marshall | BWI | 9 mi | 10,503 ft |
| Washington Dulles Intl | IAD | 52 mi | 11,500 ft |
| Harrisburg Intl | MDT | 62 mi | 10,001 ft |
Airport identity, position and runway data come from the FAA. “Major airport” is an AreaProfile classification — a public-use civil airport with a paved runway of at least 8,000 feet — not an FAA hub designation. Distances are straight-line, not driving distance.
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Similar places
Matched on AreaProfile signals, not geographyData & methodology
| Used for | Source | Source period |
|---|---|---|
| Access | Federal Aviation Administration Airports (NASR) — Aeronautical Data Delivery Service | NASR current cycle |
| Physical risk | Federal Emergency Management Agency National Risk Index | National Risk Index December 2025 (v1.20.0) |
| Demographics, Income | Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income Division U.S. Population Migration Data (county to county) | filing years 2022–2023 |
| Climate | NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020 (Monthly) | 1991-2020 Normals |
| Housing, Income | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional price parities and county personal income | 2023 |
| Jobs | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics | July 2026 |
| Access, Demographics, Housing, Income, Jobs | U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (Table-Based Summary File) | 2024 ACS 5-Year |
| Development | U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey | 12 months ending July 2026 |
| Demographics | U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program | July 1, 2024 estimate |
| Safety | U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics Provisional county-level mortality by intent | March 2025 to February 2026; May 2025 to April 2026 |
| Schools | U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data and EDFacts assessments | 2018-19 school year; 2024-25 school year |
| Housing | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research Fair Market Rents | FY2026 |
| Climate | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System Daily Air Quality Index by county | 2024 calendar year |
| Housing | U.S. Federal Housing Finance Agency House Price Index (traditional, all-transactions) | 2026 Q2 |
| Current conditions | NOAA National Weather Service National Weather Service current conditions | Live observation, read when the page opens |
Profile recalculated October 8, 2026. Recalculation is not the same as new source data — each figure above shows the period its source actually covers. Read the full methodology, or every source with how often each updates.
Cities in Baltimore city, MD
ZIP areas
Only ZIP areas whose income or home value differ from their city’s by at least ten percent get a profile of their own, so this is a selection rather than every ZIP code in the county.